Rapid Screening for 15 Sulfonamide Residues in Foods of Animal Origin by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–UV Method

Abstract

A rapid and simple high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet method was developed for the separation and quantification of 15 sulfonamides (SAs) in foods of animal origin without the need of clean-up procedure. A mixture of acetonitrile-formic acid-ammonium acetate-water was used as the mobile phase to separate 15 SAs on a C18 column with gradient. The selected SAs were separated completely from the matrix mixture based on different retention behaviors at different concentration of acetonitrile. The effects of the additive of formic acid and ammonium acetate in mobile phases on the separation of SAs were also investigated. The additive can greatly improve the resolution between SAs and impurities, so that the SAs can be quantified directly under the optimized chromatographic condition the sample preparation which does not need extra sample clean-up procedure. Complete baseline separation of 15 SAs was achieved in <40 min, the linear range is 0.01-130 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient R2-value > 0.999. Excellent method reproducibility was found by intra- and inter-day precisions with the relative standard deviation <9.5%. The detection limit was <11.0 ng/mL and it can be used for routine screening of the SA residues in foods of animal origin.

Retracted: A review on the determination of veterinary drug residues in food products

“…In general, the analysis of veterinary medicines is executed by pairing the LC column with particular detectors such as ELSDs (evaporative light scattering detectors), DADs (diode array detectors), FLDs (fluorescence detectors) and UVDs (ultraviolet detectors). Many techniques are dependent on LC columns paired with several devices to determine veterinary medicines in foods originating from animals, such as LC–ELSD (Liu et al, 2017), LC–DAD (Charitonos et al, 2017; Evaggelopoulou & Samanidou, 2013; Samanidou et al, 2015; Tajabadi et al, 2016; Yu et al, 2012), LC–FLD (Mor et al, 2012; Wang, Xie, et al, 2019), LC–UVD (Chitescu et al, 2011; Hui et al, 2018; Ibrahim & Nasr, 2014; Karimi et al, 2014; Kim et al, 2012; Lv et al, 2015; Negarian et al, 2019; Zhou et al, 2020). Mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry coupled with LC have been extensively applied to analyze veterinary medicines in animal‐derived foods (Delatour et al, 2018; Marazuela, 2017; Xu et al, 2013).…”

“…This is a fast, popular and effective technology to determine medicines in foods sourced from animals. The preliminary requirement to achieve separation is choosing a reasonable chromatographic column and improving the mobile phase composition as well as the process of T A B L E 4 Summarization of the reported LC and GC techniques for analyzing medication residues in foods originating from animals Samanidou, 2013;Samanidou et al, 2015;Tajabadi et al, 2016;, LC-FLD (Mor et al, 2012;, LC-UVD (Chitescu et al, 2011;Hui et al, 2018;Ibrahim & Nasr, 2014;Karimi et al, 2014;Kim et al, 2012;Lv et al, 2015;Negarian et al, 2019;Zhou et al, 2020). Mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry coupled with LC have been extensively applied to analyze veterinary medicines in animal-derived foods (Delatour et al, 2018;Marazuela, 2017;Xu et al, 2013).…”

“…T A B L E 3 Technology for preparing the sample to determine medicine residues in samples originating from animals Samanidou, 2013;Samanidou et al, 2015;Tajabadi et al, 2016;, LC-FLD (Mor et al, 2012;, LC-UVD (Chitescu et al, 2011;Hui et al, 2018;Ibrahim & Nasr, 2014;Karimi et al, 2014;Kim et al, 2012;Lv et al, 2015;Negarian et al, 2019;Zhou et al, 2020). Mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry coupled with LC have been extensively applied to analyze veterinary medicines in animal-derived foods (Delatour et al, 2018;Marazuela, 2017;Xu et al, 2013).…”

Desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos para extração e pré-concentração de sulfonamidas totais em amostras de leite e carne bovina

“…As características analíticas do procedimento proposto foram estimadas com as condições otimizadas e a curva de calibração na faixa entre 33 e 233 µg kg -1 foi obtida para extração a partir de 750 mg de carne enriquecida e 275 µL de 1-butanol (Figura 24). Os métodos de pré-concentração de SAs de carne bovina incluem SPE (VARENINA et al, 2016), DSPE (XIA et al, 2020), QuEChERS (WEN;LIN;FUH, 2017), MSPD (BITTENCOURT et al, 2012), entre outros usados para diferentes tecidos animais (DENG et al, 2016;GOVIND et al, 2018;LIU;TONG;ZHANG, 2020;NASIR et al, 2019) YAMADA et al, 2006), metanol (BITTENCOURT et al, 2012YAMADA et al, 2006), acetonitrila (BITTENCOURT et al, 2012FUH;CHU, 2003;HUI et al, 2018;XIA et al, 2020;YAMADA et al, 2006) ou misturas de solventes como acetonadiclorometano-ácido acético (VARENINA et al, 2016) e ácido acético-acetonitrila (WEN;…”

“…LIN; FUH, 2017) para partição das SAs de amostras de carne bovina. Também foram reportados estudos em que o solvente precisa ser evaporado em temperaturas elevadas, sob pressão reduzida e sob fluxo de nitrogênio constante (HUI et al, 2018). Contudo, em atenção à Química Analítica Verde, o uso destes solventes é fortemente desincentivado por serem potencialmente nocivos à saúde e ao meio ambiente.…”