Rapid modulation of TRH and TRH-like peptide levels in rat brain and peripheral tissues by corticosterone

Pekary, A. Eugene; Stevens, Schetema A.; Sattin, Albert

doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2005.10.003

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Nevertheless, the acute responses to eCIT are not likely due to the stress of handling and injection since a single i.p. dose of 4.0 mg corticosterone, resulting in a mean serum level of 27,806 ng/ml at 2 h, had no effect on TRH and TRH-like peptide levels in the epididymi of Sprague-Dawley rats [27]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nucleus accumbens (NA), amygdala (AY), frontal cortex (FCX), cerebellum (CBL), medulla oblongata (MED), anterior cingulate (ACNG), posterior cingulate (PCNG), striatum (STR), pyriform cortex (PYR), hippocampus (HC), entorhinal cortex (ENT), pancreas, prostate, epididymis, and testes were hand dissected, weighed rapidly, and then extracted as previously described [25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…injection of 6.0 mg eCIT oxylate (48 ± 4 mg/kg BW)/ml sterile saline at 0 or 2 h (n = 4 for each time point) before decapitation. Epididymi were removed, the caput and cauda lobes were weighed, and extracted as previously described [25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HPLC and RIA procedures, peak identification, and quantitation by co-chromatography with synthetic TRH and TRH-like peptides, relative potency analysis of multiple antibodies to TRH and TRH-like peptides, mass spectrometry and resolution of overlapping peaks by least squares fitting of a 2-Gaussian statistical model have been previously reported in detail [25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have previously reported that thyroid hormones, and steroid hormones, such as testosterone and corticosterone, the psychostimulant cocaine, lithium and valproate used in the treatment of bipolar disorder, electroconvulsive seizures (ECS) for depression, the photoperiod and cytokines have rapid effects on the content and release of TRH (pGlu-His-Pro-NH 2 ) and TRH-like (pGlu-X-Pro-NH 2 , where ‘X’ can be any amino acid residue) peptides in brain regions involved in mood regulation [22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Escitalopram Regulates Expression of TRH and TRH-Like Peptides in Rat Brain and Peripheral Tissues

2008

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Background: Escitalopram (eCIT) is a highly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) that can be an effective treatment for a number of neuropsychiatric disorders including major depression. We, and others, have previously reported that thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH, pGlu-His-Pro-NH₂) and TRH-like peptides with the general structure pGlu-X-Pro-NH₂, where ‘X’ can be any amino acid residue, have neuroprotective, antidepressant, analeptic, arousal, and anti-epileptic effects that could mediate the neuropsychiatric and therapeutic effects of a variety of neurotropic agents. The present work explores the possible mediation of the therapeutic effects of eCIT by TRH and TRH-like peptides. Methods: In order to extend our understanding of the range of neurotransmitter systems that are modulated by and, in turn, influence the expression of TRH and TRH-like peptides, 16 male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected i.p. with eCIT (24 mg/kg BW) and the brain levels of TRH and TRH-like peptides in various brain regions involved in mood regulation and peripheral tissues with serotonergic innervation were measured 0, 2, 4, and 6 h later by combined HPLC and RIA. Results and Conclusion: Remarkable 3- to 25-fold increases in TRH and TRH-like peptide levels were observed 2 h after i.p. eCIT in the epididymis. This reproductive tissue has the highest level of serotonin found in most mammals. The acute (2 h) effect of eCIT in brain regions involved in mood regulation, particularly the nucleus accumbens and medulla oblongata, cerebellum, and striatum was to increase the levels of TRH-like peptides, most consistently Phe-TRH. An important exception was a decrease in the level of TRH in the nucleus accumbens. These responses, in general, were the opposite of those we have previously observed after acute restraint stress in this same rat strain. We conclude that some of the therapeutic effects of inhibition of serotonin reuptake are mediated by altered release of TRH and TRH-like peptides.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Escitalopram Regulates Expression of TRH and TRH-Like Peptides in Rat Brain and Peripheral Tissues

2008

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Toxicology of the Endocrine System

Kapp

Thomas

2009

General, Applied and Systems Toxicology

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The endocrine system plays a critical role in regulating virtually every aspect of the body's functions and systems, including behaviour, nutritional processes, reproduction, growth and development, gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system and homeostasis. It includes various endocrine glands, for example, hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenals, gonads, thyroid and pancreas, that secrete specific hormones (or messengers) as well as specific receptors in target organs throughout the body, which are activated or deactivated by a series of biochemical reactions upon contact with the proper hormone, which ultimately modifies the target organ's activity. This is a complex and interactive system and malfunctions may have serious consequences. Disorders can arise internally from overactive or underactive hormone production, or they can arise from external exposures. Both can have life‐threatening effects on survival. It has been shown that many drugs and chemicals and some environmental chemicals can perturb the chemical balance of the endocrine system. Some chemicals may directly affect the normal function of the endocrine system by inhibiting specific enzymes, while others produce indirect effects that result in a pharmacological interaction between the hormone and the chemical which modulates the effect of the hormone. There are many variations on these mechanisms and effects and these are detailed in this chapter.

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Neural Cell Behavior and Fuzzy Logic

Sandler¹,

Tsitolovsky²

2009

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Rapid modulation of TRH and TRH-like peptide levels in rat brain and peripheral tissues by corticosterone

Cited by 21 publications

References 60 publications

Escitalopram Regulates Expression of TRH and TRH-Like Peptides in Rat Brain and Peripheral Tissues

Escitalopram Regulates Expression of TRH and TRH-Like Peptides in Rat Brain and Peripheral Tissues

Toxicology of the Endocrine System

Neural Cell Behavior and Fuzzy Logic

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