Rapid microwave synthesis of fluorescent hydrophobic carbon dots

Mitra, Shouvik; Chandra, Sourov; Kundu, Tanay; Banerjee, Rahul; Pramanik, Panchanan; Goswami, Arunava

doi:10.1039/c2ra21048g

Cited by 111 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…6,7 The syntheses of various functionalized and non-functionalized CDs are very well established. Methods such as microwave irradiation, [8][9][10] combustion of carbon soot, 11,12 activated carbon, 13 carbon xerogel, 14 and laser ablation of graphite 15,16 or thermal degradation/oxidation of a suitable molecular precursor such as polysaccharides have been applied. 17,18 The latter method is considered as a one-step procedure, which makes it cost efficient and thus attractive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon dots obtained using hydrothermal treatment of formaldehyde. Cell imaging in vitro

et al. 2014

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Highly photoluminescent carbon dots have been prepared in a one step procedure by hydrothermal treatment of formaldehyde at 180 °C. They show green fluorescence under UV light exposure and emission spectra are centered at 440 nm. Fluorescence lifetimes comprise between 0.7 and 2.70 ns, when the synthesis process lasted for 1-7 days. TEM images of nanoparticles showed a homogeneous size/shape distribution. When the thermal treatment process was carried out for a long time (30 days) formation of aggregates occurred. Carbon dots were further analyzed using (1)H and (13)C-NMR, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy techniques and XPS. Cell imaging of nanoparticles was carried out by using mouse MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts as a model. The nanoparticles were selectively localized in the cytoplasm without further functionalization and could be realized by cellular phagocytosis, so that the fluorescence of these can be used for live cell imaging in vitro.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon dots obtained using hydrothermal treatment of formaldehyde. Cell imaging in vitro

et al. 2014

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“…Since the first microwave CDs synthesis from glucose and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-200) [7], several other precursors had been used: glucose/poly(acrylatesodium) [8], carbohydrates/inorganic salts [9], glycerol/phosphate [9], glycerol/4,7,10-trioxa-1,13-tridecanediamine [10], citric acid (CA)/1,2-ethylenediamine (EDA) [11], CA/amines [12], phytic acid/EDA [13], poloxamer [14], triammonium citrate/soluble phosphate [15], chitosan [16] and dopamine [17]. Depending on the synthesis conditions and for the precursors used, CDs with different dimensions and quantum yields can be obtained [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. CDs microwave synthesized from CA and EDA were used for bioimaging [12] and iodide detection [11] with a reported quantum yield (˚) respectively of 30.2 and 43.8%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peroxynitrite and nitric oxide fluorescence sensing by ethylenediamine doped carbon dots

Simões

Silva

Leitão

2015

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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“…This method has been widely used in the isolation of C-dots from the reaction mixtures. Typically, organic solvents (e.g., ethyl acetate, acetone, chloroform, toluene, and n-hexane) are used to extract the amphiphilic C-dots and eliminate unreacted reagents in aqueous solution [111][112][113]. Recently, Han et al [99] proposed a novel "gradient extraction" method to separate C-dots synthesized from hydrothermal treatment of cow milk based on their surface polarity of the C-dots species (Figure 19).…”

Section: Solvent Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the first isolation of C-dots from SWCNT by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) in 2004 [2], the reports associated with analytical separation techniques of C-dots are emerging. Impressive successes in this area include not only electrophoresis [94,[102][103][104][105][106], but also chromatography [91, 95-97, 100, 101, 107-109], density gradient centrifugation [29], differential centrifugation [98,110], solvent extraction techniques [99,[111][112][113], and dialysis [20,21,87,98,114,115].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Analytical Separation of Fluorescent Carbon Nanodots

Gong

Liu

et al. 2017

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Carbon nanodots (C-dots) are recently discovered fluorescent carbon nanoparticles with typical sizes of <10 nm. The C-dots have been reported to have excellent photophysical and chemical characteristics. In recent years, the advances in the development and improvement in C-dots synthesis, characterization, and applications are burgeoning. In this review, we introduce the most commonly used techniques for the characterization of C-dots. The characterization techniques for C-dots are briefly classified, described, and illustrated with applied examples. In addition, the analytical separation methods for C-dots (including electrophoresis, chromatography, density gradient centrifugation, differential centrifugation, solvent extraction, and dialysis) are included and discussed according to their analytical characteristics. The review concludes with an outlook towards the future developments in the characterization and the analytical separation of C-dots. The comprehensive overview of the characterization and the analytical separation techniques will safeguard people to use each technique more wisely.

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Rapid microwave synthesis of fluorescent hydrophobic carbon dots

Cited by 111 publications

References 31 publications

Carbon dots obtained using hydrothermal treatment of formaldehyde. Cell imaging in vitro

Carbon dots obtained using hydrothermal treatment of formaldehyde. Cell imaging in vitro

Peroxynitrite and nitric oxide fluorescence sensing by ethylenediamine doped carbon dots

Characterization and Analytical Separation of Fluorescent Carbon Nanodots

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