Peroxynitrite and nitric oxide fluorescence sensing by ethylenediamine doped carbon dots

Simões, Eliana F. C.; Silva, Joaquim C. G. Esteves da; Leitão, João M.M.

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2015.06.072

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…More importantly, N-doping generally enhances the fluorescence quantum yield (QY FL ) of the CDs [27][28][29], which has made N-doping one of the main strategies for enhancing the photoluminescence of CDs [3,30,31]. N-doping is generally achieved by adding a nitrogen-rich small organic molecule as a nitrogen precursor to the carbon precursor in hydrothermal-based bottom-up synthetic routes, with typical nitrogen precursors being molecules such as urea [17,26] and EDA [32,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Herein, the aim of this work was to assess the efficiency and sustainability of different N-doping strategies employed during the synthesis. Namely, CDs prepared from CA (a typical carbon precursor [17,[23][24][25][26]) were N-doped via two different strategies: (1) Microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis with addition of N-containing small organic molecules (urea or EDA), which are typically used as nitrogen precursors [17,26,32,33]; (2) microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis in an N-containing solvent (DMF, acetonitrile or pyridine). The first step of this study was the characterization of the obtained CDs by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy, and by dynamic light scattering (DLS), which allowed us to determine the efficiency of N-doping and its effects on the photoluminescence of the CDs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the Environmental Impact and Efficiency of N-Doping Strategies in the Synthesis of Carbon Dots

Christé

Silva

2020

Materials

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The efficiency and associated environmental impacts of different N-doping strategies of carbon dots (CDs) were evaluated. More specifically, N-doped CDs were prepared from citric acid via two main synthesis routes: Microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatment with addition of N-containing small organic molecules (urea and ethylenediamine (EDA)); and microwave-assisted solvothermal treatment in N-containing organic solvents (n,n-dimethylformamide (DMF), acetonitrile and pyridine). These syntheses produced CDs with similar blue emission. However, XPS analysis revealed that CDs synthesized via both hydrothermal routes presented a better N-doping efficiency (~15 at.%) than all three solvothermal-based strategies (0.6–7 at.%). However, from the former two hydrothermal strategies, only the one involving EDA as a nitrogen-source provided a non-negligible synthesis yield, which indicates that this should be the preferred strategy. This conclusion was supported by a subsequent life cycle assessment (LCA) study, which revealed that this strategy is clearly the most sustainable one from all five studied synthesis routes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Environmental Impact and Efficiency of N-Doping Strategies in the Synthesis of Carbon Dots

Christé

Silva

2020

Materials

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“…This was further confirmed by the reduction in the decay times from 4.76 to 0.8 ns. In the work by Simões et al [ 198 ], the synthesis parameters were varied using a multivariate full factorial experimental design methodology to produce CDs that were able to detect specific ROS/RNS. The optimal synthesis parameters were found to be a precursor solution consisting of 2.5 g citric acid and 1000 µL ethylenediamine in water under 5 min microwave irradiation to produce CDs capable of detecting NO with a 4.6 µM LOD.…”

Section: Sensing Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogreen Synthesis of Carbon Dots for Biotechnology and Nanomedicine Applications

2018

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Over the past decade, carbon dots have ignited a burst of interest in many different fields, including nanomedicine, solar energy, optoelectronics, energy storage, and sensing applications, owing to their excellent photoluminescence properties and the easiness to modify their optical properties through doping and functionalization. In this review, the synthesis, structural and optical properties, as well as photoluminescence mechanisms of carbon dots are first reviewed and summarized. Then, we describe a series of designs for carbon dot-based sensors and the different sensing mechanisms associated with them. Thereafter, we elaborate on recent research advances on carbon dot-based sensors for the selective and sensitive detection of a wide range of analytes, including heavy metals, cations, anions, biomolecules, biomarkers, nitroaromatic explosives, pollutants, vitamins, and drugs. Lastly, we provide a concluding perspective on the overall status, challenges, and future directions for the use of carbon dots in real-life sensing.

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“…Among these, N-doping is the most widely used for enhancing the QY FL of CDs. N-doping is achieved by adding a nitrogen-containing small organic molecule as a nitrogen source to the carbon precursor in which urea [16,41] and ethylenediamine (EDA) [42,43] are common options.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Different Bottom-up Routes for the Fabrication of Carbon Dots

Crista

Silva

2020

Nanomaterials

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Carbon dots (CDs) are carbon-based nanoparticles with very attractive luminescence features. Furthermore, their synthesis by bottom-up strategies is quite flexible, as tuning the reaction precursors and synthesis procedures can lead to an endless number of CDs with distinct properties and applications. However, this complex variability has made the characterization of the structural and optical properties of the nanomaterials difficult. Herein, we performed a systematic evaluation of the effect of three representative bottom-up strategies (hydrothermal, microwave-assisted, and calcination) on the properties of CDs prepared from the same precursors (citric acid and urea). Our results revealed that these synthesis routes led to nanoparticles with similar sizes, identical excitation-dependent blue-to-green emission, and similar surface-functionalization. However, we have also found that microwave and calcination strategies are more efficient towards nitrogen-doping than hydrothermal synthesis, and thus, the former routes are able to generate CDs with significantly higher fluorescence quantum yields than the latter. Furthermore, the different synthesis strategies appear to have a role in the origin of the photoluminescence of the CDs, as hydrothermal-based nanoparticles present an emission more dependent on surface states, while microwave- and calcination-based CDs present an emission with more contributions from core states. Furthermore, calcination and microwave routes are more suitable for high-yield synthesis (~27–29%), while hydrothermal synthesis present almost negligible synthesis yields (~2%). Finally, life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to investigate the sustainability of these processes and indicated microwave synthesis as the best choice for future studies.

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Peroxynitrite and nitric oxide fluorescence sensing by ethylenediamine doped carbon dots

Cited by 29 publications

References 34 publications

Evaluation of the Environmental Impact and Efficiency of N-Doping Strategies in the Synthesis of Carbon Dots

Evaluation of the Environmental Impact and Efficiency of N-Doping Strategies in the Synthesis of Carbon Dots

Biogreen Synthesis of Carbon Dots for Biotechnology and Nanomedicine Applications

Evaluation of Different Bottom-up Routes for the Fabrication of Carbon Dots

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