Rapid method for the determination of copper(II) and lead(II) in tap water using a portable potentiometric stripping analyser

Jagner, Daniel; Sahlin, Eskil; Axelsson, Bengt; Ratana-ohpas, Roongroje

doi:10.1016/0003-2670(93)85105-s

Cited by 38 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…As long as hydrogen evolution does not take place, the Rotating Sample System is ideally suited for potentiometric stripping analysis as well [5,13]. Potentiometric stripping requires even simpler instrumentation: an operational amplifier as a potentiostat for deposition, complemented with a high input impedance amplifier to measure millivolt changes during the stripping step.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These methods are in principle suitable for field applications because of the potential portability of the simpler and far less expensive instrumentation. The present available techniques, however, utilize a large surface area rotated electrode [4], or a rotated vial system [5]. Both require finely controlled moving mechanical parts and rather large total sample volumes (1 ± 3 mL), which are quite often not available from biological specimens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of Lead(II) with the Rotating Sample System

Cserey

2004

Electroanalysis

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As a result of industrialization lead is one of the most widely dispersed toxic heavy metals in the environment. There is a pressing need for a reliable, affordable and portable analytical technique for routine determination of lead at trace levels in biological and environmental samples. Despite their potential for portability and low cost, the currently available electrochemical stripping methods still have limited commercial availability. Among the reasons are the relatively large sample volumes and the large amount of reagents needed (1 ± 3 mL), lower than required precision, and the inconvenience of a rotated electrode system. The Rotating Sample System is a unique approach to electrochemical stripping, devised for 20 mL sample droplets utilizing a large surface area electrode. This design combines the advantages of a microelectrode and a rotated electrode system. The semispherical sample drop itself is rotated by a fine gas jet directed at it tangentially, eliminating the need for a sample container. Neither fine moving mechanical parts nor sophisticated controls are required. The detection limit for lead(II) was found low enough and the reproducibility is sufficient for routine determinations in biomedical samples (5 ppb, 6%). The system can support a CDC recommended screening for blood lead levels and an on-site analysis of environmental samples as well. Under suitable conditions calibration free direct determinations can also be performed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Lead(II) with the Rotating Sample System

Cserey

2004

Electroanalysis

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“…The data analysis software transforms and plot the acquired data E(t) in the inverse derivative form dt/dE [5,6] as a function of the recorded potential ( Fig. 2): those portions of the stripping potentiogram exhibiting a plateau are evidentiated, in the derivative potentiogram, as peaks whose area is a linear function of the concentration of the metal in solution.…”

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Potentiometric Stripping Analyzer for Multianalyte Screening

Adami

Sartore

Nicolini³

2007

Electroanalysis

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The paper describes a simple and low-cost multisensing instrument based on neural network to monitor multiple environmentally significant metals in solution by implementing the potentiometric stripping analysis technique. Our analyzer consists of a measuring unit, implemented on a lap-top/notebook computer equipped with a simple electronic circuitry, and a reusable sensor, based on glassy-carbon technology. The current system has been characterized with synthetic samples containing different concentrations of lead, copper, cadmium and zinc, showing detection limits suitable for the first monitoring of metal traces. A linear relationship between peak area and concentration has been observed for all tested metals. Therefore, a simple linear regression can be used by the analyzer to determine the actual metal concentration from the PSA peak area. The presence of a second metal or of a real matrix, often, interferes with stripping measurements in different ways: compounds with oxidation potentials close to that of the analytes of interest may interfere if the instrument does not have sufficient resolution to resolve the overlapping PSA peaks; species which form intermetallic compounds with the analytes may result in erroneously low analyte concentration readings, since the oxidation potential of the intermetallic compound is rarely near that of the original analyte. In order to overcome these problems, the described analyzer has been integrated with a Neural Network algorithm, able to separate the different contributions, after a proper training.

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“…Due to its simplicity and the work of Jagner et al, the PSA very soon gained substantial practical significance (Jagner, 1979(Jagner, , 1982(Jagner, , 1993. The most frequently used oxidizing agents in the PSA are Hg 2+ -ions, which are used to determine elements with a more negative redox potential than mercury, or the MnO 4 -or Cr 2 O 7 2-ions to determine mercury or more precious metals (Jagner, 1979).…”

Section: The Potentiometric Stripping Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%