Rapid, low energy synthesis of lanthanide nitrides

Solid-state metathesis reactions under pressure: A rapid route to crystalline gallium nitride

“…The synthesis of cubic TaN suggests that other nitrides could also be made using SSM reactions under appropriate pressures from metal halides and Li 3 N. Unfortunately, reactions between gallium halides and Li 3 N fail under ambient conditions even though they are very favorable thermodynamically ͑Ͼ500 kJ/mol͒. 23 Therefore, these reactions appear to be good candidates for synthesis under pressure.…”

Synthesis and Optimization of the Sintering Kinetics of Actinide Nitrides

“…However, as demonstrated in the paragraphs at the beginning of Section 2.2, very few authors have studied various approaches to the synthesis of DyN and the most detailed route was by Takano et al [47] who discussed the carbothermic reduction prior to nitridation synthesis route. It seems as though each of the other publications are feasibility studies because of the lack of detail and the lack of thermodynamic and kinetic assessments [6,8,46,47,101]. The synthesis routes presented in this document can also be considered feasibility studies due to the fact that the mechanisms by which the nitrides form were not fully investigated and the synthesis steps were not optimized.…”

“…Fitzmaurice, et al [101] found that the solid state reaction of anhydrous dysprosium chloride (DyCl 3 ) with lithium nitride (Li 3 N) produced crystalline dysprosium nitride with a relatively high yield (Approximately 90%). The reaction was initiated by thoroughly mixing and grinding 0.76 grams of DyCl 3 (2.85 mmol) and 0.1 grams of Li 3 N (2.85 mmol) together in a controlled atmosphere prior to being sealed in a glass ampoule.…”

“…As demonstrated in the previous paragraphs, only a select few authors have studied approaches to synthesizing DyN [6,8,46,47,101], including; a direct nitridation method, a hydride prior to nitridation method, and a carbothermic reduction prior to nitridation method. However, this work focuses on synthesizing phase pure DyN via five routes including: a novel ball-milling synthesis route, a direct nitridation of dysprosium metal, hydriding prior to the nitridation of dysprosium metal, a carbothermic reduction prior to nitridation of Dy 2 O 3 , and a solution route analogous to Sol-Gel processing.…”

“…As previously discussed, there are a few published methods for synthesizing nitrides from metals and oxides of dysprosium and cerium [6,47,101,108,109]. However, these routes can require:…”