Rapid Influenza Antigen Test for Diagnosis of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009

Louie, Janice K.; Guevara, Hugo; Boston, Erica; Dahlke, Melissa; Nevarez, Maria; Kong, Tong; Schechter, R.S.; Glaser, Carol; Schnurr, David P.

doi:10.3201/eid1605.091794

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The qualitative detection of infection rates in low influenza viral load settings, which are influenced by the influenza strain, the immunity of the patient population, and whether samples are collected early in course of infection or before antiviral therapy is begun, could be affected by lowered RNA recovery from ST-stored specimens. However, the high nasopharyngeal influenza virus levels found during the 2009 pandemic influenza A infection from our clinical samples and in other studies 26,27 (all with median C T values <30 cycles) indicate that a slight loss in RNA recovery (median 2AE4 cycles) from ST-stored samples would not affect the overall detection rate. Indeed, compared to frozen samples, the slight signal loss found in ST-stored specimens did not affect the overall influenza detection rate from clinical samples in our study, and only slightly affected influenza detection rates in the samples that were diluted to lower viral load levels.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Use of dried clinical samples for storing and detecting influenza RNA

Winters

Lloyd²,

Shahidi

et al. 2011

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses

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Please cite this paper as: Winters et al. (2011) Use of dried clinical samples for storing and detecting influenza RNA. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 5(6), 413–417. Background Most clinical samples collected for diagnostic influenza testing and monitoring require refrigerated or frozen storage or shipment, which imparts logistic and cost burdens. The ability to store and ship dried clinical specimens under ambient conditions for influenza testing would significantly reduce costs and protect samples from improper storage or equipment failure, especially in remote or resource‐limited areas. Objectives To evaluate the collection and storage of dried clinical samples on a transport matrix (ViveST™, ST) for influenza RNA testing by real‐time reverse‐transcription PCR (RT‐PCR). Methods Viral transport medium from swab or sputum samples was applied to ST, dried, and stored under ambient conditions from 2 days to 6 months. Additional aliquots of samples were frozen. Testing of frozen and ST‐stored samples was performed using the WHO/CDC real‐time influenza A (H1N1) RT‐PCR protocol and compared to the Luminex xTAG RVP assay. Results ST‐stored samples yielded slightly higher threshold cycle values (median 2·54 cycles) compared to frozen samples tested in parallel. This difference was consistent regardless of viral input. There was no significant difference in signal recovery between samples stored for 1 week versus samples stored for 3 weeks, or from three samples stored for 6 months. Qualitatively, clinical specimens stored on ST were 100% concordant (36/36) with frozen samples for detecting the presence of influenza A RNA. Conclusion ST‐processed dried specimens produced similar rates of seasonal or novel 2009 HIN1 influenza RNA detection compared to conventional sample processing and thus presents a viable alternative to refrigerated or frozen samples.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Use of dried clinical samples for storing and detecting influenza RNA

Winters

Lloyd²,

Shahidi

et al. 2011

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses

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“…[18] Similar to recently reported studies, we were also able to detect pandemic A/H1N1pdm09. [27,28] …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[28] The twin swabs used in the RT-PCR samples might also have yielded a higher positivity because of a higher viral load due to a greater volume of the specimen collected by two swabs as compared to one swab in the RIDT test. Recent reports suggest that there is an inverse relationship between Ct values and viral load and those therefore qualitative results from RT-PCR assays can be converted into quantitative viral load values in clinical samples without running standard curves in parallel.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of rapid influenza diagnostic tests (QuickVue) for Influenza A and B Infection in India

Koul

Mir

Bhat

et al. 2015

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Background Rapid point-of-care (POC) tests provide an economical alternative for rapid diagnosis and treatment of influenza, especially in public health emergency situations. Objectives To test the performance of a rapid influenza diagnostic test, QuickVue (Quidel) as a POC test against a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for detection of influenza A and B in a developing country setting. Study Design In a prospective observational design, 600 patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) or with severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) who were referred to the Influenza Clinic of a tertiary care hospital in Srinagar, India from September 2012 to April 2013, were enrolled for diagnostic testing for influenza using QuickVue or RT-PCR. All influenza A-positive patients by RT-PCR were further subtyped using primers and probes for A/H1pdm09 and A/H3. Results Of the 600 patients, 186 tested positive for influenza A or B by RT-PCR (90 A/H1N1pdm09, 7 A/H3 and 89 influenza B), whereas only 43 tested positive for influenza (influenza A = 22 and influenza B = 21) by QuickVue. Thus, the sensitivity of the QuickVue was only 23% (95% confidence interval, CI: 17.3-29.8) and specificity was 100% (95% CI: 99.1-100) with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 100% (95% CI 91.8-100) and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 74.3% (95% CI: 70.5-77.9) as compared to RT-PCR. Conclusions The high specificity of QuickVue suggest that this POC test can be a useful tool for patient management or triaging during a public health crisis but a low sensitivity suggests that a negative test result need to be further tested using RT-PCR.

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“…increased the chance of detecting viruses using RAT. 12,13 Therefore, low viral titres most likely explain this decline in sensitivity observed, considering that the proportion of patients with low viral titres was high among rRT-PCR positive patients (Figure 1). The cause of this low viral titres is currently not known, but this may have been due to prolonged time from illness onset to specimen collection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the performance of a rapid antigen test for the detection of influenza virus in clinical specimens from children in Cameroon

Kenmoe

Tchendjou

Tetang

et al. 2013

Influenza Resp Viruses

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The performance of SD Bioline rapid antigen test (RAT) was evaluated using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) as gold standard. A total of 718 nasal swabs, including 102 rRT-PCR positive and 616 rRT-PCR negative swabs, were tested. RAT demonstrates a sensitivity of 29·4% with a specificity of 100%. The positivity rate of RAT was highly associated with lower cycle threshold (Ct) values (P < 0·0001). The excellent specificity of the RAT allowed for the rapid identification of influenza cases. However, negative results should be verified by rRT-PCR test because of limitations observed in sensitivity.

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Rapid Influenza Antigen Test for Diagnosis of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Use of dried clinical samples for storing and detecting influenza RNA

Use of dried clinical samples for storing and detecting influenza RNA

Performance of rapid influenza diagnostic tests (QuickVue) for Influenza A and B Infection in India

Evaluating the performance of a rapid antigen test for the detection of influenza virus in clinical specimens from children in Cameroon

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