Rapid Induction of Somatic Embryogenesis by 2,4-D in Leaf Base Cultures of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Mahalakshmi, Akella; Khurana, Jitendra P.; Khurana, Paramjit

doi:10.5511/plantbiotechnology.20.267

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Furthermore, in monocots, the cells most capable of callogenesis are located in young leaves (Jullien & Tran Thanh Van 1994). In different wheat varieties, the basal portion of young leaves showed better organogenesis than that of old leaves (Mahalakshmi et al 2003). In peach palm (Bactris gasipaes), the highest primary callus induction rate was observed in explants originating from near the apical meristem, regardless of the picloram concentration used (Steinmacher et al 2007c).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Somatic embryogenesis in Acrocomia aculeata Jacq. (Lodd.) ex Mart using the thin cell layer technique

et al. 2015

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Considering the necessity of Acrocomia aculeata propagation for large-scale production, the aim of this study was to establish a somatic embryogenesis protocol using the thin cell layer (TCL) technique. Aerial parts of in vitro plants were transversally cut at the base into eight TCLs and placed in a culture medium for callus induction. The induction medium was composed of Y3 salts and Morel´s vitamins and supplemented with 150, 300 or 600 μM picloram. After 12 weeks the calli were transferred to a medium supplemented with BAP or 2-iP (12.5 or 25 μM). After 18 weeks, the somatic embryo clusters were transferred to a conversion medium (plant growth regulator-free medium). Primary callus induction rate was higher in the first three TCLs and in media containing 150 or 300 μM picloram. The best maturation results were obtained in medium containing 12.5 μM 2-iP or 12.5 μM BAP. Few somatic embryos converted into plants. The histological analyses showed that callus induction started adjacent to vascular bundles after two days of culture, and somatic embryos arose in the periphery of nodular calli. This study showed that the TCL embryogenesis protocol is promising for in vitro multiplication of A. aculeata.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Somatic embryogenesis in Acrocomia aculeata Jacq. (Lodd.) ex Mart using the thin cell layer technique

et al. 2015

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“…1; Mahalakshmi et al 2003Mahalakshmi et al , 2007. This response is auxin specific and provides a unique opportunity to monitor the molecular events associated with auxin-mediated induction of somatic embryogenesis.…”

Section: Differential Screening Of Auxin Induced Genes In Wheat Leaf mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Thirteen-day-old wheat (Triticum aestivum var CPAN 1676) seedlings were employed to investigate the induction of somatic embryogenesis in response to short exposure of 2,4-D (Mahalakshmi et al 2003). Leaf base segments (4-5 mm) of the second/third leaf were excised after removal of the covering sheath and the first leaf.…”

Section: Plant Materials and Cdna Library Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once embryogenesis has been induced, the role of auxin changes in that the embryos begin to synthesize their own auxin (Michalczuk et al 1992a, b). In the present investigation, a cDNA library was constructed from 13-day-old wheat leaf bases after short-term 2,4-D application, which has been previously demonstrated to undergo somatic embryogenesis in culture (Mahalakshmi et al 2003(Mahalakshmi et al , 2007, and screened for the isolation of genes that are expressed differentially on auxin application during somatic embryogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of expression profile of selected genes expressed during auxin-induced somatic embryogenesis in leaf base system of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and their possible interactions

et al. 2007

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Somatic embryogenesis is a notable illustration of plant totipotency and involves reprogramming of development in somatic cells toward the embryogenic pathway. Auxins are key components as their exogenous application recuperates the embryogenic potential of the mitotically quiescent somatic cells. In order to unravel the molecular basis of somatic embryogenesis, cDNA library was made from the regeneration proficient wheat leaf base segments treated with auxin. In total, 1440 clones were sequenced and among these 1,196 good quality sequences were assembled into 270 contigs and 425 were singletons. By reverse northern analysis, a total of 57 clones were found to be upregulated during somatic embryogenesis, 64 during 2,4-D treatment, and 170 were common to 2,4-D treatment and somatic embryogenesis. A substantial number of genes involved in hormone response, signal transduction cascades, defense, anti-oxidation, programmed cell death/senescence and cell division were identified and characterized partially. Analysis of data of select genes suggests that the induction phase of somatic embryogenesis is accompanied by the expression of genes that may also be involved in zygotic embryogenesis. The developmental reprogramming process may in fact involve multiple cellular pathways and unfolding of as yet unknown molecular events. Thus, an interaction network draft using bioinformatics and system biology strategy was constructed. The outcome of a systematic and comprehensive analysis of somatic embryogenesis associated interactome in a monocot leaf base system is presented.

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“…In our earlier report we investigated the induction of somatic embryogenesis in wheat leaf base cultures via 2,4-D (Mahalakshmi et al 2003). This response is rapid as a 24-h treatment with 2,4-D results in induction of somatic embryogenesis on a basal medium (BM) within 2 weeks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Role of calcium–calmodulin in auxin-induced somatic embryogenesis in leaf base cultures of wheat (Triticum aestivum var. HD 2329)

Mahalakshmi

Singla

Khurana

et al. 2007

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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Wheat leaf bases cultured for 1 day on 2,4-D (10 lM) display the induction of somatic embryogenesis. The induction of somatic embryogenesis by 2,4-D appears to be calcium-mediated as treatment of leaf bases with the calcium chelator, EGTA, prior to 2,4-D treatment, inhibited the induction of somatic embryogenesis. This sensitivity of auxin to reduced calcium levels can be reversed by calcium ions alone and not any other divalent cation like magnesium or zinc. Additionally, the expression of the three calciumregulated genes, Triticum aestivum calmodulin binding protein kinase, calcium-dependent protein kinase, and putative calcium binding protein was analyzed in wheat leaf bases which suggest a specific role for Ca 2+ in somatic embryogenesis. Application of the calcium ionophore, A23187, either alone or along with 2,4-D, induced somatic embryogenesis. This specificity for calcium was verified both by treatment with the calcium antagonist TMB8, and the elimination of calcium from the medium, resulting in reduction of somatic embryogenesis by 80%. Treatment with calcium channel blockers like verapamil and nifedipine, calcium antagonist, lanthanum, and calmodulin inhibitors chlorpromazine and fluphenazine, prior to the 2,4-D treatment, inhibited induction of somatic embryogenesis. The present study thus provides evidence for the involvement of calcium-calmodulin in the stimulus-response coupling of auxin-induced somatic embryogenesis in wheat leaf base system.

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Rapid Induction of Somatic Embryogenesis by 2,4-D in Leaf Base Cultures of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Cited by 18 publications

References 44 publications

Somatic embryogenesis in Acrocomia aculeata Jacq. (Lodd.) ex Mart using the thin cell layer technique

Somatic embryogenesis in Acrocomia aculeata Jacq. (Lodd.) ex Mart using the thin cell layer technique

Analysis of expression profile of selected genes expressed during auxin-induced somatic embryogenesis in leaf base system of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and their possible interactions

Role of calcium–calmodulin in auxin-induced somatic embryogenesis in leaf base cultures of wheat (Triticum aestivum var. HD 2329)

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