Rapid Increase in Plasma Levels of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide After Common Bile Duct Ligation in the Rabbit

Abstract

Previous studies have shown that common bile duct ligation in the rabbit is followed by a reduction of the extracellular water compartment. To further elucidate the mechanisms leading to volume depletion in this model, water and sodium balances and changes in plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), vasopressin (ADH), plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone (Ald) were investigated during the first 4 days after common bile duct ligation (group OJ,) or sham operation (group SO). Water and chow intakes were lower in group OJ (148 +/- 30 versus 226 +/- 40 mL/4 days; p = 0.004 and 12 +/- 9 versus 171 +/- 40 g/4 days; p = 0.0001). There were no differences in urine output. Sodium urinary losses were marginally higher in group OJ (12.4 +/- 7 versus 6.7 +/- 5 mEq/4 days; p = 0.06). Water balance was lower in group OJ (-50 +/- 56 versus 101 +/- 71 mL/4 days; p = 0.0001). At 24 hours, plasma ANP (41 +/- 7 versus 10.7 +/- 1 fmol/mL, p = 0.0001), ADH (21.8 +/- 7 versus 12.3 +/- 6 pg/mL, p = 0.008) and Ald (14.5 +/- 5 versus 3.7 +/- 3 ng/dL, p = 0.001) were higher in group OJ. These alterations persisted 72 hours after bile duct ligation, when a concomitant increase in PRA (10.7 +/- 5 versus 3 +/- 1.6 ng/dL, p = 0.006) was also observed. A group of pair-fed pair-watered sham-operated controls (group SO2, n = 13) showed a metabolic profile similar to group OJ but a low ANP concentration. Multiple venous sampling in five rabbits 24 hours after bile duct ligation showed the highest plasma levels of ANP in the aorta and infrarenal vena cava. These results suggest that common bile duct ligation in the rabbit is followed by marked hypodipsia and hypophagia, possibly mediated by ANP, leading to isotonic volume depletion and secondary activation of the water and sodium retaining hormones.

Randomized clinical trial of the effect of intravenous fluid administration on hormonal and renal dysfunction in patients with obstructive jaundice undergoing endoscopic drainage

“…This study confirms the finding of a paradoxical increase in plasma ANP concentration in patients with obstructive jaundice, and its decline after biliary drainage15. Basal plasma renin and aldosterone levels were in the normal to high range, suggesting a marginal reduction in plasma volume consistent with significant depletion in ECW in patients with jaundice8–15. This volume depletion was associated with hypoalbuminaemia, a common finding in malignant biliary obstruction16.…”

“…More emphasis has been put recently on the presence of extracellular water (ECW) depletion8–10 and myocardial dysfunction11, 12 as causes of haemodynamic and renal disturbances in patients with obstructive jaundice. Obstruction of the biliary tract is associated with a raised plasma concentration of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)13–15. This occurs despite moderate volume depletion, as shown by tracer dilution techniques8 and levels of endocrine markers, such as an increased plasma renin concentration15.…”

Multivariate analysis of factors associated with renal dysfunction in patients with obstructive jaundice

“…Experimental and human studies6–8 have demonstrated that obstruction of the biliary tract is associated with raised plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). This occurs despite the fact that moderate to marked volume depletion is a hallmark of obstructive jaundice, as shown by tracer dilution techniques9, 10, bioelectric impedance analysis11 and endocrine markers12.…”

Cardiac markers in five different breeds of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus Linnaeus, 1758) used for cardiovascular research

“…Considering the lack of reference values of cardiovascular parameters in experimental rabbits (Özkan et al 2012) Rankin et al 1986 New Zealand White 18 Radioimmunoassay 58,5±3,4 pg/ml Lorente et al 1990 New Zealand White 15 Radioimmunoassay 79,2±9,4 pg/ml ANP Wainai et al 1990 Japanese White Rabbit 20 Radioimmunoassay 24±4 pg/ml Valverde et al 1992 New Zealand White 20 Radioimmunoassay 10,3 ± 4,2 fmol/ml Yegin et al 1995 New Zealand White 8 Radioimmunoassay 76,6±18 pg/ml Muders et al 1999 Chinchila rabbit 8 Radioimmunoassay ≈120 pg/ml Kallaras et al 2009 New Zealand White 5 Radioimmunoassay 141,4±77,54 pg/ml Barret et al 2002 New Zealand White 3 Nephelometry Undetectable levels (Lower limit: 0,14mg/dl) Ma et al 2008 New Zealand White 3 ELISA 0,15±0,05 mg/dl CRP Setorki et al 2009 New Zealand White 8 ELISA 2,45±0,12 μg/ml Amran et al 2011 New Zealand White 6 ELISA ≈11ng/ml Houssen et al 2011 New Zealand White 12 ELISA 2,5±0,15 μg/ml Gao et al 2013 Japanese White rabbit 12 Not specificated 47,10±2,82 U/L and the prominent effect of "breed variability" on these parameters, our study provides important information for future research in the field of basic cardiovascular research involving rabbits.…”