Rapid inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 with LED irradiation of visible spectrum wavelenghts

Santis, Riccardo De; Luca, Vincenzo De; Faggioni, Giovanni; Fillo, Silvia; Stefanelli, Paola; Rezza, Giovanni; Lista, Florigio

doi:10.1101/2020.06.18.20134577

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Although the trend of the obtained data always shows a favorable outcome, it is presumable that an excessively high viral concentration prevents the detection of a clear-cut antiviral effect of LEDs at the MOI of 0.1 and at increased time intervals (72 hours) (Figure 3, Figure S1). Previous to our work, in a preprint redacted by De Santis et al [12], authors used a LED-device with a combination of frequencies (400-420 nm, 430-460 nm, 500-780 nm) with a main peak at 413 nm, power of 4.67 mW/cm 2 for 40 or 60 minutes. A reduction of SARS-CoV-2 plaques of 97.3% following the irradiation of 2 × 10 3 PFU/mL virions for 40 minutes and of 99.8% after the irradiation of 2 × 10 5 PFU/mL of viral particles for 60 minutes was observed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blue photobiomodulation LED therapy impacts SARS‐CoV‐2 by limiting its replication in Vero cells

Zupin

Gratton

Fontana³

et al. 2021

Journal of Biophotonics

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The study of any intervention able to counteract SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic is considerably envisaged. It was previously shown, in in vitro models of infections, that the LED blue light is able to decrease the viral load of HSV‐1 and ZIKV. In our study, LED photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) at blue wavelengths (450, 454 and 470 nm) was tested in an in vitro model of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, employing three experimental settings: SARS‐CoV‐2 was irradiated and then transferred to cells; already infected cells were irradiated; cells were irradiated prior to infection. A decrement of the viral load was observed when previously infected cells were irradiated with all three tested wavelengths and relevant effects were registered especially at 48 hours post‐infection, possibly suggesting that the blue light could interfere with the intracellular viral replication machinery. Our in vitro findings could represent the starting point for translational applications of PBMT as a supportive approach to fight SARS‐CoV‐2.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the context of SARS-CoV-2, a preprint redacted by de Santis et al [12] showed that visible LED light with a peak at 413 nm, was able to reduce the viral load of virions that were illuminated for 40 or 60 minutes and then transferred to a cell culture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blue photobiomodulation LED therapy impacts SARS‐CoV‐2 by limiting its replication in Vero cells

Zupin

Gratton

Fontana³

et al. 2021

Journal of Biophotonics

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“…Blue light (380–500 nm) is less harmful to the human body compared to UV and exhibits germicidal activities, especially within the wavelength 400–500 nm 42 . LED blue light (413 nm) irradiation inactivating SARS-CoV-2 is documented 43 . The potential antiviral mechanism is via the generation of reactive oxygen species and thus, induces damage to proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids in the presence of photosensitizers 44 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UVC disinfects SARS-CoV-2 by induction of viral genome damage without apparent effects on viral morphology and proteins

Matsuura

Iimura

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a pandemic threat worldwide and causes severe health and economic burdens. Contaminated environments, such as personal items and room surfaces, are considered to have virus transmission potential. Ultraviolet C (UVC) light has demonstrated germicidal ability and removes environmental contamination. UVC has inactivated SARS-CoV-2; however, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. It was confirmed here that UVC 253.7 nm, with a dose of 500 μW/cm2, completely inactivated SARS-CoV-2 in a time-dependent manner and reduced virus infectivity by 10–4.9-fold within 30 s. Immunoblotting analysis for viral spike and nucleocapsid proteins showed that UVC treatment did not damage viral proteins. The viral particle morphology remained intact even when the virus completely lost infectivity after UVC irradiation, as observed by transmission electronic microscopy. In contrast, UVC irradiation-induced genome damage was identified using the newly developed long reverse-transcription quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay, but not conventional RT-qPCR. The six developed long RT-PCR assays that covered the full-length viral genome clearly indicated a negative correlation between virus infectivity and UVC irradiation-induced genome damage (R2 ranging from 0.75 to 0.96). Altogether, these results provide evidence that UVC inactivates SARS-CoV-2 through the induction of viral genome damage.

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“…However, published reports exist [26,27] that SARS-CoV-2, in particular, is quite sensitive to visible violet light, with D90 doses (90% reduction dose) in the range of only a few J/cm 2 , which would correspond to a much higher sensitivity than that reported in bacteria. This would be highly encouraging for the containment of the coronavirus pandemic, but it must be ensured that these results do not depend on the media applied during the irradiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

High Intensity Violet Light (405 nm) Inactivates Coronaviruses in Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) and on Surfaces

2021

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It has been proven that visible light with a wavelength of about 405 nm exhibits an antimicrobial effect on bacteria and fungi if the irradiation doses are high enough. Hence, the question arises as to whether this violet light would also be suitable to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses. Therefore, a high-intensity light source was developed and applied to irradiate bovine coronaviruses (BCoV), which are employed as SARS-CoV-2 surrogates for safety reasons. Irradiation is performed in virus solutions diluted with phosphate buffered saline and on steel surfaces. Significant virus reduction by several log levels was observed both in the liquid and on the surface within half an hour with average log reduction doses of 57.5 and 96 J/cm2, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that 405 nm irradiation has an antiviral effect on coronaviruses, but special attention should be paid to the presence of photosensitizers in the virus environment in future experiments. Technically, visible violet radiation is therefore suitable for coronavirus reduction, but the required radiation doses are difficult to achieve rapidly.

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Rapid inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 with LED irradiation of visible spectrum wavelenghts

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Blue photobiomodulation LED therapy impacts SARS‐CoV‐2 by limiting its replication in Vero cells

Blue photobiomodulation LED therapy impacts SARS‐CoV‐2 by limiting its replication in Vero cells

UVC disinfects SARS-CoV-2 by induction of viral genome damage without apparent effects on viral morphology and proteins

High Intensity Violet Light (405 nm) Inactivates Coronaviruses in Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) and on Surfaces

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