Blue photobiomodulation <scp>LED</scp> therapy impacts <scp>SARS‐CoV</scp>‐2 by limiting its replication in Vero cells

Zupin, Luisa; Gratton, Rossella; Fontana, Francesco; Clemente, Libera; Pascolo, Lorella; Ruscio, Maurizio; Crovella, Sérgio

doi:10.1002/jbio.202000496

Cited by 24 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…[18], [19] PBM is also found to interfere with a pathogen's ability to replicate [20] through innate immune response (via reactive ion species, [ROS]) and over longer intervals by regulating adaptive immune response. Other light wavelengths can damage pathogens directly, [21], [22], [23] albeit not transdermally in deep tissue or viscera.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole‐organ transdermal photobiomodulation (PBM) of COVID‐19: A 50‐patient case study

Williams

Raimondo²,

Cahn

et al. 2021

Journal of Biophotonics

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A nonrandomized 50‐person case study of COVID‐19‐positive patients was conducted employing (for the first time) a regimen of whole‐organ deep‐tissue transdermal dynamic photobiomodulation (PBM) as a primary (or exclusive) therapeutic modality in the treatment of coronavirus. Therapy sessions comprised algorithmically alternating red (650 nm) and near‐infrared (NIR; 850 nm) LEDs with an average irradiance of 11 mW/cm 2 dynamically sequenced at multiple pulse frequencies. Delivered via 3D bendable polymeric pads maintaining orthogonal optical incidence to body contours over 1,000 cm 2 , a single 84‐minute session concurrently delivered 20 kJ to the sinuses and 15 kJ to each lung at skin temperatures below 42°C. Therapeutic outcomes observed include significant reductions in the duration and severity of disease symptoms. Acute conditions including fever, body aches (BA) and respiratory distress comprising paroxysmal coughing; lung congestion, dyspnea and hypoxia; sinus congestion; acute eye inflammation; and extreme malaise were eliminated in 41/50 patients within 4 days of commencing PBM treatments with 50/50 patients fully recovering within 3 weeks with no supplemental oxygen requirements. SpO 2 concentrations improved as much as 9 points (average 2.5 points) across the entire study population. The PBM sessions required to completely resolve COVID‐19 conditions appears monotonically correlated to the time‐to‐treatment (TTTx)—the delay between the onset of a patient's symptoms and commencing PBM therapy. In contrast, acute inflammatory symptoms were resolved within 4 days irrespective of TTTx.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole‐organ transdermal photobiomodulation (PBM) of COVID‐19: A 50‐patient case study

Williams

Raimondo²,

Cahn

et al. 2021

Journal of Biophotonics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recently, the impact of blue light (450, 454, and 470 nm) on SARS-CoV-2 inactivation was reported [102]. Furthermore, a recent case report suggested the therapeutic potential of phototherapy with a red light (630 + 660 nm) for the alleviation of respiratory symptoms, pulmonary inflammation, and hypoxia [103].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sunlight Exposure and Phototherapy: Perspectives for Healthy Aging in an Era of COVID-19

Nakano

Chiang

Chen

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Most humans depend on sunlight exposure to satisfy their requirements for vitamin D3. However, the destruction of the ozone layer in the past few decades has increased the risk of skin aging and wrinkling caused by excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which may also promote the risk of skin cancer development. The promotion of public health recommendations to avoid sunlight exposure would reduce the risk of skin cancer, but it would also enhance the risk of vitamin D3 insufficiency/deficiency, which may cause disease development and progression. In addition, the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic may further reduce sunlight exposure due to stay-at-home policies, resulting in difficulty in active and healthy aging. In this review article, we performed a literature search in PubMed and provided an overview of basic and clinical data regarding the impact of sunlight exposure and vitamin D3 on public health. We also discuss the potential mechanisms and clinical value of phototherapy with a full-spectrum light (notably blue, red, and near-infrared light) as an alternative to sunlight exposure, which may contribute to combating COVID-19 and promoting active and healthy aging in current aged/superaged societies.

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“…SARS-CoV-2, previously isolated in the BSL3 facility of the San Polo hospital (ASUGI, Monfalcone, GO, Italy) from the supernatant of infected Vero E6 cell line (epithelial kidney normal cell line from Cercopithecus aethiops , ATCC CRL-1586), was employed in the aerosolization ( Supplementary Information File S1 ) [ 50 , 51 ]. The virus was quantified by using a standard plaque forming unit (PFU) assay [ 52 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Residual Infectivity after SARS-CoV-2 Aerosol Transmission in a Controlled Laboratory Setting

Zupin

Licen

Milani

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets, aerosols, or direct contact with fomites from an infected subject. It has been reported that SARS-CoV-2 is stable and viable in aerosol up to 16 h in controlled laboratory conditions. However, the aerosolization conditions varied a lot between the studies. In this work, an experimental laboratory model of SARS-CoV-2 aerosolization was established, employing an impinger nebulizer, a cylindrical chamber for aerosol travel, and a SKC biosampler for the collection of particles. The efficiency of the system was assessed based on the molecular determination of the viral load in the nebulizer after the aerosolization and in the aerosol collected at the end of the travel. Moreover, the residual infectivity was tested in vitro on the Vero E6 cell line, through the observation of the cytopathic effect (CPE), and the quantification of the viral load in the supernatants at 7 days post inoculation (dpi). A high RNA viral load was found in the SKC biosampler after aerosolization, indicating that it was possible to transport a high virus titer through the 30-cm chamber with all the dilutions (initial 105, 104, 103 plaque forming unit—PFU/mL). At the 7 dpi, an increment of the RNA viral load was determined for the dilutions 105 and 104 PFU/mL tested, while only the initial 105 PFU/mL resulted in visible CPE. Our findings allowed us to achieve the resilience of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosol form, at a concentration comparable to those reported for clinical samples. This mode of transmission should be considered for the mitigation and preventive measures to counteract SARS-CoV-2 spreading.

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Blue photobiomodulation LED therapy impacts SARS‐CoV‐2 by limiting its replication in Vero cells

Cited by 24 publications

References 26 publications

Whole‐organ transdermal photobiomodulation (PBM) of COVID‐19: A 50‐patient case study

Whole‐organ transdermal photobiomodulation (PBM) of COVID‐19: A 50‐patient case study

Sunlight Exposure and Phototherapy: Perspectives for Healthy Aging in an Era of COVID-19

Evaluation of Residual Infectivity after SARS-CoV-2 Aerosol Transmission in a Controlled Laboratory Setting

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