Rapid hydrocarbon group-type semi-quantification in crude oils by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography

Portable Analytical Techniques for Monitoring Volatile Organic Chemicals in Biomanufacturing Processes: Recent Advances and Limitations

“…GC is one of the most popular and active analytical technologies in bioengineering (Mcnair and Miller, 2010). The analytes of interest could be in gas, liquid or solid, with molecular weight ranging from 2 to 1,000 Da, which has shown extensive applications in food inspection (Bianchi et al, 2006), pesticide detection (Zhang et al, 2006), environmental monitoring (Viola et al, 2019), forensic investigation (Alexandrino et al, 2019), and quality control of petroleum products (Coutinho et al, 2018). In addition, GC analysis is widely used in the inspection of human organ functions (Young et al, 2019) and screening of cancer cells, such as hematological malignancies (Tang et al, 2017) and breast cancer (Lavra et al, 2015).…”

Wax Behavior in Crude Oils by Pour Point Analyses

“…For each class, a specific internal standard was applied, e.g., n-hexadecane-D 34 for the saturated hydrocarbon classes and pyrene-D 10 for the aromatic hydrocarbons classes. 38 …”

Quantitative Analysis of Hydrocarbons in Gas Oils by Two-Dimensional Comprehensive Gas Chromatography with Vacuum Ultraviolet Detection

“…The obtained response factors may vary from one instrument to another, and MS instruments are generally considered as sensitive instruments that require frequent calibration. That is why most of the current GC × GC-MS methods are only semiquantitative 18 and do not account for response differences between compounds. Finally, MS still fails in discerning compounds that give the same fragments and elute in the same region of the 2D chromatographic space such as, for example, naphthenes and olefins.…”

“…Contrary to FID, mass spectrometry (MS) offers selectivity for hydrocarbon families as detected ions are different from one family to another. Hyphenation of MS with GC × GC for the quantitative analysis of hydrocarbons in oil-derived products has thus been extensively studied. − In these works, electronic ionization is the most commonly used ionization mode, and a soft ionization source has also been employed in some cases . In this field, the work of Jennerwein et al has shown that proper automated identification may be obtained from GC × GC-MS thanks to adequate Visual Basic scripts that take into account specific m / z fragments for a given family.…”