Rapid Fall in Plasma Threonine followed by Increased Intermeal Interval in Response to First Ingestion of a Threonine-devoid Diet in Rats

Feurté, Sébastien; Nicolaı̈dis, Stylianos; Even, Patrick C.; Tomé, Daniel; Mahé, Sylvain; Fromentin, Gilles

doi:10.1006/appe.1999.0242

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In conclusion, the utilization of a calibrated 3-g Thr-dev test meal to induce a taste aversion ruled out the possibility that increased levels of plasma ammonia could reach toxic levels and refuted the hypothesis that an increased postprandial metabolism could generate satiety signals. In contrast, ingestion of the Thr-dev test meal induced a rapid and pronounced depression in circulating threonine, a result that confirms that plasma amino acid pattern is rapidly modified in the rat after ingestion of an amino-acid-imbalanced diet (7).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Postprandial metabolism and aversive response in rats fed a threonine-devoid diet

Even

Rolland

Feurté

et al. 2000

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Lack of an indispensable amino acid in the diet induces a rapid reduction in food intake. In this study, we assessed whether the anorectic signal after ingestion of a meal lacking threonine originated from either direct perception of the decrease in plasma threonine or from an indirect effect related to increased postprandial amino acid catabolism and energy expenditure. We observed that 3 g of such a meal was sufficient to induce an aversive response to the diet within 2 h. Postprandial changes to plasma ammonia and urea, urinary urea, and energy metabolism did not differ from those measured after a control meal. In contrast, plasma threonine levels fell within 1 h after the meal. It is concluded that an increase in postprandial energy expenditure is not involved in the anorectic response to eating a threonine-devoid diet. The drop in plasma threonine levels may be a potential signal, but the fact that the decrease in food intake occurred 1 h after the decrease in plasma threonine questions a direct causal relationship.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Postprandial metabolism and aversive response in rats fed a threonine-devoid diet

Even

Rolland

Feurté

et al. 2000

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…This response is independent of food sensory stimuli or peripheral signals (53–55) and instead relies on direct neuronal sensing of EAA imbalance by the anterior piriform cortex (APC). This assertion is supported by the following observations: (i) APC lesions prevent rats discriminating between AA containing and AA devoid diets (56, 57), (ii) concentrations of the limiting EAA in the APC rapidly fall after the introduction of the devoid diet (41, 48), through competition at the capillary endothelial amino acid transport system (58–60), and (iii) replacement of the limiting EAA into the APC via microinjections rapidly increases intake of a diet deficient in that EAA (49, 57, 61, 62). Importantly, this aversive response was shown to be independent of diet palatability and novelty (63).…”

Section: Central Detection Of Essential Amino Acid Devoid or Unbalancmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…These discrepancies could be explained by diverging experimental paradigms (duration of fast, amino acid composition of the baseline diet) that may affect the production or kinetics of central EAA imbalance (77). In paradigms evidencing a rapid aversive response to EAA imbalance diets, a rapid fall in the APC concentration of the limiting amino acid occurred in the same time course as the production of the hypophagic response, within 40 min of diet exposure (41, 48, 78), and correlated with the activation of the GCN2 pathway in the APC (71, 72). In the Leib study, plasma concentrations of the missing amino acid and APC GCN2 signaling 1 h after diet exposure were unchanged, suggesting that the EAA imbalance failed to reach the APC during early exposure to the diet in these conditions.…”

Section: Central Detection Of Essential Amino Acid Devoid or Unbalancmentioning

confidence: 98%

Central Amino Acid Sensing in the Control of Feeding Behavior

Heeley

Blouet

2016

Front. Endocrinol.

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Dietary protein quantity and quality greatly impact metabolic health via evolutionary-conserved mechanisms that ensure avoidance of amino acid imbalanced food sources, promote hyperphagia when dietary protein density is low, and conversely produce satiety when dietary protein density is high. Growing evidence supports the emerging concept of protein homeostasis in mammals, where protein intake is maintained within a tight range independently of energy intake to reach a target protein intake. The behavioral and neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying these adaptations are unclear. While peripheral factors are able to signal amino acid deficiency and abundance to the brain, the brain itself is exposed to and can detect changes in amino acid concentrations, and subsequently engages acute and chronic responses modulating feeding behavior and food preferences. In this review, we will examine the literature describing the mechanisms by which the brain senses changes in amino acids concentrations, and how these changes modulate feeding behavior.

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“…When Leu is supplied in excess, the concentration of Val in plasma is reduced (Langer et al, 2000). This decrease in the most limiting amino acid in the plasma is also observed in the brain and is thought to be the metabolic signal responsible for the anorectic response (Peng et al, 1972;Feurte et al, 1999). BCAA readily pass across the blood-brain barrier (Hargreaves and Pardridge, 1988) and could reach the anterior piriform cortex of the brain, which is thought to host a chemosensor of an amino acid imbalance (Leung and Rogers, 1971).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of piglets to the valine content in diet in combination with the supply of other branched-chain amino acids

Gloaguen

Floc'H

Brossard

et al. 2011

Animal

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The branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) valine (Val) and isoleucine (Ile) are considered to be among the next-limiting amino acids for growth in piglets. In earlier studies, we estimated the standardized ileal digestible (SID) Val : Lys (lysine) requirement to be at least 70%, whereas the Ile : Lys requirement may be as low as 50%. Because the BCAA partially share a common route of catabolism, the supply of one BCAA may affect the availability of the other BCAA. Four experiments were conducted to determine the response of 6-week-old piglets to the Val supply in relation to the other BCAA. A deficient supply of Val or Ile typically results in a reduction in average daily feed intake (ADFI). Experiment 1 was designed to determine the effect of a limiting Val supply, independent of the effect on feed intake. In a dose-response study using restrictively fed piglets, nitrogen retention did not increase for an SID Val : Lys supply greater than 64%. In the remaining experiments, piglets were offered feed ad libitum using ADFI, average daily gain (ADG) and gain-to-feed ratio as response criteria. The interaction between the Val and leucine (Leu) was studied in Experiment 2 in a 2 3 2 factorial design (60% and 70% SID Val : Lys, and 111% and 165% SID Leu : Lys). Performance was considerably lower in piglets receiving 60% Val : Lys compared with those receiving 70% Val : Lys and was lowest in piglets receiving the diet with low Val and high Leu content. To further evaluate the interaction between Val and Leu, a dose-response study was carried out in which the response to Val supply was studied in combination with high Leu supply (165% Leu : Lys). Using a curvilinear-plateau model, the average SID Val : Lys requirement was 72%. However, low Val supply (60% SID Val : Lys) reduced performance by 13% to 38%, which was much greater than what we observed in earlier studies. Experiment 4 was carried out to test the hypothesis that the Val requirement is not affected by low Ile supply (50% SID Ile : Lys). Performance was not improved for Val : Lys supplies greater than 65%, which may indicate that Ile (and not Lys) was second-limiting in this study. In conclusion, the first response of piglets to deficient Val supply appears to be a reduction in ADFI, rather than a reduction in ADG or nitrogen retention. A large supply of Leu may not affect the Val requirement per se, but may aggravate the consequences of Val deficiency.

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Rapid Fall in Plasma Threonine followed by Increased Intermeal Interval in Response to First Ingestion of a Threonine-devoid Diet in Rats

Cited by 18 publications

References 35 publications

Postprandial metabolism and aversive response in rats fed a threonine-devoid diet

Postprandial metabolism and aversive response in rats fed a threonine-devoid diet

Central Amino Acid Sensing in the Control of Feeding Behavior

Response of piglets to the valine content in diet in combination with the supply of other branched-chain amino acids

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