Rapid exploration of integrated scheduling and module selection in high level synthesis for application specific processor design

Sengupta, Anirban; Sedaghat, Reza; Sarkar, Pallabi

doi:10.1016/j.micpro.2012.02.015

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The authors remark on six main multi-objective methods applied for HLS DSE: evolutionary algorithms, single-solution-based heuristics, problem-specific heuristics, branch-and-X, learning-based methods, and swarm intelligence systems. Some examples are the studies presented in [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71], [72], and [73].…”

Section: B Design Space Exploration and Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Level Synthesis Hardware Design for FPGA-Based Accelerators: Models, Methodologies, and Frameworks

et al. 2022

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Hardware accelerators based on field programmable gate array (FPGA) and system on chip (SoC) devices have gained attention in recent years. One of the main reasons is that these devices contain reconfigurable logic, which makes them feasible for boosting the performance of applications. High-level synthesis (HLS) tools facilitate the creation of FPGA code from a high level of abstraction using different directives to obtain an optimized hardware design based on performance metrics. However, the complexity of the design space depends on different factors such as the number of directives used in the source code, the available resources in the device, and the clock frequency. Design space exploration (DSE) techniques comprise the evaluation of multiple implementations with different combinations of directives to obtain a design with a good compromise between different metrics. This paper presents a survey of models, methodologies, and frameworks proposed for metric estimation, FPGA-based DSE, and power consumption estimation on FPGA/SoC. The main features, limitations, and trade-offs of these approaches are described. We also present the integration of existing models and frameworks in diverse research areas and identify the different challenges to be addressed. INDEX TERMSComputing models, design space exploration, field programmable gate array (FPGA), system on chip (SoC), power consumption.years (2016-2022) and have been selected based on the topics addressed in this survey. Several papers published before 2016 have been considered because of their contributions to the current literature. C. OUTLINEThe remainder of this paper is organized as follows. Section II briefly presents the most widely used parallel computing models for CPU, GPU, and multicore processors. Section III introduces the FPGA-based reconfigurable hardware accelerator architectures, hardware/software co-design, DSE and metrics, and the techniques to improve latency, area, and power for this technology. In Section IV, we describe previous works on models, methodologies, and frameworks proposed for FPGA/SoC according to their main features: metrics estimation (IV-A), FPGA-based DSE (IV-B), and power consumption estimation (IV-C); and in Section IV-D, we present a summary and discussion. The integration of models and frameworks for FPGA-based reconfigurable hardware accelerators in different research fields is exposed in Section V. Challenges are analyzed in Section VI. Finally, conclusions are presented in Section VII. II. PARALLEL COMPUTING MODELS FOR PERFORMANCE ESTIMATIONComputing models allow to easily analyzing algorithms by simplifying the computational world to a reduced set of parameters that define the cost of arithmetic and memory access operations and communication. These models contribute to the search for efficient algorithms for a given architecture, improving the productivity of designers, programmers, and engineers. A small amount of communication, a small number of operations, and a high degree of parallelism are key points that d...

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Section: B Design Space Exploration and Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Level Synthesis Hardware Design for FPGA-Based Accelerators: Models, Methodologies, and Frameworks

et al. 2022

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“…e HLS design requires an efficient exploration approach with the ability to determine optimal/near-optimal scheduling solutions and module selection with significant speed and precision. Based on this idea, [57] introduced a heuristic based on the primacy selector (s-value) metric which is common with the matrix topology methods. Most of the research has focused on using an HLS tool as a black box with pragma directives, and [58] is another example.…”

Section: Problem-specific Heuristic Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Multiobjective High-Level Synthesis for FPGAs

Bulnes

Maldonado

Trujillo

2020

Scientific Programming

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Traditionally, the High-Level Synthesis (HLS) for Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) devices is a methodology that transforms a behavioral description, as the timing-independent specification, to an abstraction level that is synthesizable, like the Register Transfer Level. This process can be performed under a framework that is known as Design Space Exploration (DSE), which helps to determine the best design by addressing scheduling, allocation, and binding problems, all three of which are NP-hard problems. In this manner, and due to the increased complexity of modern digital circuit designs and concerns regarding the capacity of the FPGAs, designers are proposing novel HLS techniques capable of performing automatic optimization. HLS has several conflicting metrics or objective functions, such as delay, area, power, wire length, digital noise, reliability, and security. For this reason, it is suitable to apply Multiobjective Optimization Algorithms (MOAs), which can handle the different trade-offs among the objective functions. During the last two decades, several MOAs have been applied to solve this problem. This paper introduces a comprehensive analysis of different MOAs that are suitable to perform HLS for FPGA devices. We highlight significant aspects of MOAs, namely, optimization methods, intermediate structures where the optimizations are performed, HLS techniques that are addressed, and benchmarks and performance assessments employed for experimentation. In addition, we show the analysis of how multiple objectives are optimized currently in the algorithms and which are the objective functions that are optimized. Finally, we provide insights and suggestions to contribute to the solution of major research challenges in this area.

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Allocation of optimal reconfigurable array using graph merging technique

Resmi

Sundari

2014

2014 International Conference on Embedded Systems (ICES)

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Rapid exploration of integrated scheduling and module selection in high level synthesis for application specific processor design

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

High-Level Synthesis Hardware Design for FPGA-Based Accelerators: Models, Methodologies, and Frameworks

High-Level Synthesis Hardware Design for FPGA-Based Accelerators: Models, Methodologies, and Frameworks

Development of Multiobjective High-Level Synthesis for FPGAs

Allocation of optimal reconfigurable array using graph merging technique

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