Rapid electrothermal response of high-temperature carbon nanotube film heaters

Janas, Dawid; Kozioł, Krzysztof

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2013.03.039

Cited by 139 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…19,20 However, more recently, attention has turned to using nanostructured transparent conductors as transparent heaters. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Transparent heaters are simply conducting films which are thin enough to be transparent but can be heated up on application of a voltage. For a given combination of electrical and thermal properties the steady state temperature increase is set by balance of Joule heating and heat dissipation and can be controlled via the voltage.…”

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confidence: 99%

Relationship between Material Properties and Transparent Heater Performance for Both Bulk-like and Percolative Nanostructured Networks

2014

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Transparent heaters are important for many applications and in the future are likely to be fabricated from thin, conducting, nanostructured networks. However, the electrical properties of such networks are almost always controlled by percolative effects.The impact of percolation on heating effects has not been considered and the material parameter combinations which lead to efficient performance are not known. In fact, figures of merit for transparent heaters have not been elucidated, either in bulk-like or percolative systems. Here, we develop a simple yet comprehensive model describing the operation of transparent heaters. By considering the balance of Joule heating versus power dissipated by both convection and radiation, we derive an expression for the time-dependent heater temperature as a function of both electrical and thermal parameters. This equation can be modified to describe the relationship between temperature, optical transmittance and electrical/thermal parameters in both bulk-like and percolative systems. By performing experiments on silver nanowire networks, systems known to display both bulk-like and percolative regimes, we show the model to describe real systems extremely well. This work shows the performance of transparent heaters in the percolative regime to be significantly less efficient compared to the bulk-like regime, implying the diameter of the nanowires making up the network to be critical. The model allows the identification of figures of merit for networks in both bulk-like and percolative regimes. We show that metallic nanowire networks are most promising, closely followed by CVD graphene with networks of solutionprocessed graphene and carbon nanotubes being much less efficient.

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confidence: 99%

Relationship between Material Properties and Transparent Heater Performance for Both Bulk-like and Percolative Nanostructured Networks

2014

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“…9 In addition, the low thermal conductivity of ITO can lead to slow heating and cooling rates. 10 Because of these disadvantages of ITO, the use of low-dimensional and stretchable conductive materials, such as graphene, [11][12][13] CNTs, 14,15 metal nanowires (mNWs) 7,[16][17][18] and serpentine patterns of metal films, 19,20 has been studied extensively in the search for stretchable heaters. However, carbon-based, transparent heaters require high operation voltages because of their relatively high R s values without doping (4~250 Ω per sq), which can degrade their power efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid production of large-area, transparent and stretchable electrodes using metal nanofibers as wirelessly operated wearable heaters

et al. 2017

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A rapidly growing interest in wearable electronics has led to the development of stretchable and transparent heating films that can replace the conventional brittle and opaque heaters. Herein, we describe the rapid production of large-area, stretchable and transparent electrodes using electrospun ultra-long metal nanofibers (mNFs) and demonstrate their potential use as wirelessly operated wearable heaters. These mNF networks provide excellent optoelectronic properties (sheet resistance of~1.3 Ω per sq with an optical transmittance of~90%) and mechanical reliability (90% stretchability). The optoelectronic properties can be controlled by adjusting the area fraction of the mNF networks, which also enables the modulation of the power consumption of the heater. For example, the low sheet resistance of the heater presents an outstanding power efficiency of 0.65 W cm − 2 (with the temperature reaching 250°C at a low DC voltage of 4.5 V), which is~10 times better than the properties of conventional indium tin oxide-based heaters. Furthermore, we demonstrate the wireless fine control of the temperature of the heating film using Bluetooth smart devices, which suggests substantial promise for the application of this heating film in next-generation wearable electronics.

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“…Direct electrothermal heating [34] of the catalyst particles assures much more uniform temperature distribution, and thus alleviates the problem of heterogeneous product distribution due to temperature gradients. Moreover, it is ecologically friendlier as utilization of heat is more efficient than by employing conventional furnaces, in which a significant portion of thermal energy is transferred to the surroundings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From a process design point of view, CNT membranes can be produced from CNT powders [35] or directly from CNT films [36]. These structures are excellent support materials for catalysts because of their ultra-low density (0.05 g cm À3 [34]), reasonably high porosity (about 200 m 2 g À1 [34]) and stability in extreme conditions [37,38]. CNTs already…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%