Rapid Determination of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Vegetables by on-Line Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) with Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS)

Li, Nankun; Song, Xiaocong; Shen, Peng; Zhao, Chunyu

doi:10.1080/00032719.2022.2051044

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 32 publications

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“…According to multiple publications, 9,13,20 in fruit and vegetables most often PFBA was detected. Furthermore, in uptake studies 22,23 it was reported that mainly the short-chain PFASs are taken up by leafy vegetables and crops.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Application of a Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Analysis of 20 Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Fruit and Vegetables at Sub-Parts-per-Trillion Levels

Kause,

van Leeuwen,

Krätschmer

et al. 2024

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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In response to the European Food Safety Authority's establishment of a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) for the sum of PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS, and PFOS, a method was developed to quantify and confirm 20 PFASs at the sub-parts-per-trillion level in fruit and vegetables. Improved sensitivity was achieved by (i) increasing the sample intake, (ii) decreasing the solvent volume in the final extract, and (iii) using a highly sensitive mass spectrometer. Except for PFTrDA, target PFASs could be quantitatively determined with an apparent recovery of 90−119%, limits of quantitation down to 0.5 ng/kg, and a relative standard deviation under within-laboratory reproducibility conditions of <28%. The method was successfully applied to 215 fruit and vegetable samples obtained from local grocery stores and markets. Leafy vegetables prove to be the main vegetable category responsible to PFAS exposure, mainly of PFOA, followed by PFHpA and PFHxA.

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