Rapid Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide in Milk with Non‐enzymatic Amperometric Sensor Based on Porous Gold Modified Screen‐printed Electrode in Online Dialysis System

Abstract

A rapid method for determination of hydrogen peroxide based on a non‐enzymatic amperometric sensor with an online dialysis unit was developed for analysis of sample with complicated matrices. A porous gold modified gold screen‐printed electrode was prepared by a simple method using 9 V‐battery electrodeposition. Based on data from amperometry, a linear dynamic range can be obtained in the range of 10 to 1000 μmol L−1, with a limit of detection of 0.37 μmol L−1. The proposed system was successfully applied to determine H2O2 in various milk samples with rapid analysis, high electrode stability, and excellent repeatability (1.95 % RSD with 100 replications).

Chemically Bonded Carbon Nanotube Film to a Nanostructured Gold Electrode for Electrochemical Sensing of Hydrogen Peroxide

“…The addition of the linker does not have a significant effect on the electrode performance, whereas the introduction of CNT causes a significant increase in the charging current (Figure A), indicating an increase in the electroactive surface area. The onset of H 2 O 2 oxidation on Au-L-CNT occurs around +0.4 V with the peak maximum located at +0.6 V (Figure B), which is characteristic for H 2 O 2 on gold. , The H 2 O 2 oxidation current experienced a huge leap in intensity after CNT introduction (Figure B), potentially suggesting the synergistic effect of Au–CNT combination described earlier …”

“…The onset of H 2 O 2 oxidation on Au-L-CNT occurs around +0.4 V with the peak maximum located at +0.6 V (Figure 4B), which is characteristic for H 2 O 2 on gold. 3,4 The H 2 O 2 oxidation current experienced a huge leap in intensity after CNT introduction (Figure 4B), potentially suggesting the synergistic effect of Au−CNT combination described earlier. 9 Additional features not visible on the CVs can be revealed using a more sensitive method, like square wave voltammetry.…”

“…Nonenzymatic sensors are getting attention because of the higher stability and simpler fabrication. However, they normally use direct oxidation or reduction of H 2 O 2 and often do not provide the desired selectivity. − In recent years, fourth-generation sensors have been segregated from other nonenzymatic sensors. − This type of sensor involves the indirect detection of an analyte in the absence of an enzyme. To the best of our knowledge, an H 2 O 2 sensing platform classified as a fourth-generation sensor has not been reported.…”

“…Au nanoparticles are commonly used in H 2 O 2 sensor design due to their excellent electrochemical properties. Au nanoparticles can facilitate electron transfer, and they possess electrocatalytic activity and biocompatibility. − The applications of Au nanoparticles for nonenzymatic H 2 O 2 sensors have been reported. ,,− Au is also an attractive material for enzymatic sensors, as it has been claimed that S-groups of proteins can covalently bind to the Au surface, providing a strong attachment . The main disadvantage of deposited particles is their weak adhesion to the electrode surface, supported only by van der Waals forces.…”

Indirect Amperometric Detection of Glucose in Simulated Urine Using Screen-Printed Electrodes

“…The use of SPEs is a good representation of modern electrochemical measurements that not only demonstrates the possibility to miniaturize analytical platforms and sample volumes but also is very cost-effective and helps students to focus on electrochemical measurements and avoid tedious instrumental operations often involved in a three-electrode cell assembly. − Various applications of SPEs in design of undergraduate laboratories have been reported. Popa et al and González-Sánchez et al report experiments in which students perform deposition of metal nanoparticles on SPEs and use them as sensing elements for H 2 O 2 analysis in teeth whitening strips and hair lightener. , In another experiment, SPEs were coated with bismuth and were used for detection of quinine in tonic water .…”