Indirect Amperometric Detection of Glucose in Simulated Urine Using Screen-Printed Electrodes

Abstract

The measurement of glucose through electrochemical methods is a great example to illustrate the practical application of electrochemistry. Although many students enrolled in chemistry classes are familiar with the glucose meter, only a few have delved into the underlying principles governing its operation. This experiment aims to address this gap by introducing students to modern electrochemical measurements, showcasing the potential for analyzing minute sample quantities and reviewing fundamental concepts related to enzymatic catalysis and buffers. The experimental procedure described here involves the utilization of screen-printed gold electrodes for the amperometric detection of glucose in simulated urine. The glucose-containing sample is spiked with glucose oxidase, an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of glucose, generating hydrogen peroxide, which is subsequently detected through amperometric measurements. By constructing a calibration graph, students are able to determine the concentration of glucose in simulated urine. While primarily designed for introductory biochemistry laboratory sessions aimed at freshmen students, this experiment can be easily modified and adapted to suit more advanced courses.