Rapid Detection of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia Using a Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae Capsular Polysaccharide-Specific Antigen Detection Latex Agglutination Test

Abstract

Latex microspheres (diameter, 8 μm) were coated with anti-Mycoplasma capricolum subsp.capripneumoniae polyclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) antiserum (anti-F38 biotype). The coated microspheres, when used in a latex agglutination test (LAT), detected M. capricolumsubsp. capripneumoniae antigen in the serum of goats with contagious caprine pleuropneumoniae (CCPP). Beads also agglutinated strongly in the presence of purified M. capricolumsubsp. capripneumoniae capsular polysaccharide (CPS). Preabsorption of CPS-specific antibodies prior to coating of the beads removed agglutinating activity in the presence of M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae, strongly suggesting that CPS is the likely soluble antigen recognized by the test. In addition, the specificity of the LAT exactly mirrored that of an M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniaeCPS-specific monoclonal antibody (WM25): of the 8 other mycoplasma species tested, agglutination was observed only with bovine serogroup 7. The LAT detected all 11 strains of M. capricolumsubsp. capripneumoniae examined in this study, with a sensitivity level of 2 ng of CPS, or the equivalent of 1.7 × 104 CFU, in a reaction volume of 0.03 ml of serum. With field sera from goats with CCPP, the results of the LAT exhibited a 67% correlation with the results of the currently used complement fixation test (CFT), with the main discrepancy in diagnosis resulting from the increased sensitivity of the LAT compared to that of CFT. This antigen-detection LAT should prove particularly useful in identifying animals in the earliest stages of CCPP and combines sensitivity and low cost with ease of application in the field, without the need for any specialist training or equipment.

Ultrasonographic findings in goats with contagious caprine pleuropneumonia caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae

“…The first two tests are ranked the least sensitive for confirmation of clinical CCPP cases (+); the third and fourth are suitable (++), and the fifth (+++) is the recommended [ 2 ]. The LAT is considered the simplest, quick and excellent procedure for the “ in field or in situ” diagnosis of CCPP either in whole blood or serum [ 39 ]. Moreover, the LAT is reported to be more sensitive than the CFT [ 40 ] and also easier to perform than the c-ELISA [ 41 ].…”

Epidemiological study of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) in selected districts of Gambella Region, Western Ethiopia

“…IgM is the first to appear and has little specificity which giving risk to pronounced crossreactions, and remains in the blood for short duration, while IgG is produced lately and lasts much longer than IgM antibody isotypes (Staak et al, 2001). The CFT has clear limitations: March et al (2000) observed that 80 to 100% of animals experimentally infected with Mccp in their acute phase were not detected. Based on this report seropositives detected by CF test indicated that there were recent infections and circulation of the causative agent within the flocks.…”

Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in the Thrace region of Turkey

“…Lung samples from one clinical case were positive by PCR (Bölske and others 1996), although no mycoplasmas could be isolated at the time, probably due to recent antibiotic usage. In May 2004, the penside latex agglutination test ( LAT ) (March and others 2000) was seropositive on whole blood samples in five of six goats from a third clinically affected herd, situated 30 km from Kesan.…”