Epidemiological study of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) in selected districts of Gambella Region, Western Ethiopia

Abstract

A cross-sectional study was conducted in three selected Districts of Gambella Regional State (GRS) namely Lare, Itang and Gambella Zuria from March to October 2011 to determine seroprevalence of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP) caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp capripnemoniae (Mccp) and to identify potential risk factors and to assess community perceptions about CCPP in the study area. Multistage sampling method was used in both agropastoral and sedentary production systems. A total of 1152 goat sera were collected and processed using the Complement Fixation Test (CFT) at the National Veterinary Institute (NVI), Debre Zeit, Ethiopia. A questionnaire survey was also conducted in 80 randomly selected households, and 3 veterinary staff one from each district. The overall mean CCPP seroprevalence in the study area was 18.1% (219/1152), (95% CI: 15.89-20.31). The seroprevalence of the disease in Itang was higher (24.7%) followed by Gambella Zuria (14.7%) and Lare (12.6%) District. Despite the higher seroprevalence in the agropoastoral production system (19.2%) the difference with that of the sedentary production system (14.7%) was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Univariate analysis showed that District, PA, sex and age were significantly associated with the seroprevalence result (p<0.05). Itang District showed significant difference in the seroprevalence when compared with Lare District (p = 0.0001; Odds ratio: 2.21). Opagna, Anguata, Badyel, Mecode, Meding Zuria, Bonga and Achewa PA's had significant difference in seroprevalences with odds ratio ranging from 2.94 to 6.46. Female goats had a significantly different seroprevalence (19.3%) compared to males (11.5%) (p=0.014; OR=1.84). Adults (age greater than two years) showed higher seropositivity as compared to young goats and kids (p= 0.001 and OR=1.92). Age and PA were the only factors that showed statistically significant (p<0.05) associations in multivariate analysis. The questionnaire survey also revealed that CCPP was the `number one´ disease in the study areas; and wet-season presents a major risk factor for CCPP. The findings of this study showed that CCPP is the major disease of goats in the study area and hence there needs to be implemented appropriate control measure to mitigate the problem.

Epidemiological investigations of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in selected districts of Borana zone, Southern Oromia, Ethiopia

“…In contrast to our findings, lower prevalence of CCPP has been reported earlier from different parts of Ethiopia (Yousuf et al 2012; Tesfaye et al 2011; Mekuria et al 2008; Mekuria and Asmare 2010; Aklilu et al 2015; Regassa et al 2010). Lower CCPP sero-prevalence has also recently described in Pakistan (Shahzad et al 2016; Wazir et al 2016).…”

“…However, the results of sero-prevalence study showed that age had significant effect on the occurrence of infection with Mccp in Borana zone, reflecting the fact that older animals have higher chances to be exposed to the pathogen. This observation is in consent with the findings of Aklilu et al (2015) who reported that adult goats were 1.84 times more likely to be sero-positive than kids. Our findings also agree with the report of Mekuria and Asmare (2010), Bekele et al (2011), Yousuf et al (2012), Sherif et al (2012), Nyanja et al (2013), and Lakew et al (2014) who observed the presence of significant variation among age groups.…”

Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in selected districts of South Wollo Zone Northeast Ethiopia

“…Higher prevalence was found in older goats than younger ones and lowland as compared to the highland areas. This finding is in agreement with the report in Hammer and Benna Tsemay Districts of Southern Ethiopia [ 42 ], Regassa et al [ 49 ] in selected districts of Afar Region, in selected Woredas of Afar [ 23 ], in Dire Dawa [ 25 ], in selected districts of Borana zone of Southern Oromia; in selected districts of Gambella Region [ 27 ] and in Western Amhara region [ 4 ] who reported statistically significant association among age groups and agroecology. However, Regassa et al [ 49 ] and Eshetu et al [ 39 ] reported the absence of difference in the prevalence of CCPP among age groups.…”

“…Teshome et al [ 11 ], Mebrahtu et al [ 15 ]. (2017), Fasil et al [ 27 ], and Matios et al [ 26 ]. A higher seroprevalence of 31.5% was also reported in the Borana zone, 78.4% in the South Omo zone, Southern Ethiopia, 18.1% in Gambella, and 31.6% in Oromia, respectively.…”

“…Various study reports in different areas of Ethiopia indicated that the prevalence of CCPP ranges from 5 to 78% [ 4 , 11 , 14 , 15 , 19 – 27 ]. Although outbreaks and high prevalence of CCPP have been reported and documented in different areas of the country, there is still no documented epidemiological information about CCPP in South Wollo.…”