Rapid crystallization and controllable growth of perovskite thin films via a seeded approach

Zhou, Zhao; Shaik, Shoieb; Ouyang, Zhongliang; Yan, Feng; Li, Dawen

doi:10.1116/1.5077098

“…For hotplate annealing of perovskite thin films with incorporation of PAMAM dendrimers, long period of time is needed to fully convert the PbI 2 and MAI into MAPbI 3 perovskite. Perovskite thin films annealed with hotplate for less than 30 min showed the presence of a peak at~12 • (Figure 1b), which is the characteristic peak of MAI [50]. Only hotplate annealing over 30 min, pure perovskite thin films can be obtained free of both PbI 2 and MAI residues.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Additive Assisted Fabrication of Compact and Ultra-Smooth Perovskite Thin Films with Fast Lamp Annealing

Shaik

¹

,

Zhou

²

,

Ouyang

³

et al. 2021

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Perovskite solar cells (PVSC) have drawn increasing attention due to their high photovoltaic performance and low-cost fabrication with solution processability. A variety of methods have been developed to make uniform and dense perovskite thin films, which play a critical role on device performance. Herein, we demonstrate a polymer additive assisted approach with Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers to facilitate the growth of uniform, dense, and ultra-smooth perovskite thin films. Furthermore, a lamp annealing approach has been developed to rapidly anneal perovskite films using an incandescent lamp, resulting in comparable or even better device performance compared to the control hotplate annealing. The facile polymer additive assisted method and the rapid lamp annealing technique offer a clue for the large-scale fabrication of efficient PVSCs.

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“…[13] This soft nature in lattice leads to defects formation during crystallization and degradation in operation. [14][15][16][17] In addition, thin film crystallization during annealing is rapid due to the solvent evaporation of the large specific surface area. [18] These two factors, soft lattice and fast crystallization, lead to difficulty in control of perovskite crystallization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to crystalline silicon composed of atoms from the relatively chemically stable IVA group connected through strong covalent bonds (bond energy 222 kJ mol −1 ), metal halide perovskites contain IA and VIIA group elements and organic constituents, with relatively weak ionic bonds (e.g., bonding energy of Pb–I bonds ~142 kJ mol −1 ), and/or secondary bonds, and van der Waals interactions [13] . This soft nature in lattice leads to defects formation during crystallization and degradation in operation [14–17] . In addition, thin film crystallization during annealing is rapid due to the solvent evaporation of the large specific surface area [18] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics Controlled Perovskite Crystallization for High Performance Solar Cells

Ge,

Chen,

Ma

et al. 2024

Angew Chem Int Ed

4

0

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The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of perovskite solar cells have recently developed rapidly compared to crystalline silicon solar cells. To have an effective way to control the crystallization of perovskite thin films is the key for achieving good device performance. However, a paradox in perovskite crystallization is from the mismatch between nucleation and Oswald ripening. Usually, the large numbers of nucleation sites tend to weak Oswald ripening. Here, we proposed a new mechanism to promote the formation of nucleation sites by reducing surface energy from 44.9 mN/m to 36.1 mN/m, to spontaneously accelerate the later Oswald ripening process by improving the grain solubility through the elastic modulus regulation. The ripening rate is increased from 2.37 Åm·s‐1 to 4.61 Åm·s‐1 during annealing. Finally, the solar cells derived from the optimized films showed significantly improved PCE from 23.14% to 25.32%. The long‐term stability tests show excellent thermal stability (the optimized device without encapsulation maintaining 82% of its initial PCE after 800 h aging at 85 ºC) and an improved light stability under illumination. This work provides a new method, the elastic modulus regulation, to enhance the ripening process.

show abstract

“…[13] This soft nature in lattice leads to defects formation during crystallization and degradation in operation. [14][15][16][17] In addition, thin film crystallization during annealing is rapid due to the solvent evaporation of the large specific surface area. [18] These two factors, soft lattice and fast crystallization, lead to difficulty in control of perovskite crystallization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics Controlled Perovskite Crystallization for High Performance Solar Cells

Ge,

Chen,

Ma

et al. 2024

Angewandte Chemie

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of perovskite solar cells have recently developed rapidly compared to crystalline silicon solar cells. To have an effective way to control the crystallization of perovskite thin films is the key for achieving good device performance. However, a paradox in perovskite crystallization is from the mismatch between nucleation and Oswald ripening. Usually, the large numbers of nucleation sites tend to weak Oswald ripening. Here, we proposed a new mechanism to promote the formation of nucleation sites by reducing surface energy from 44.9 mN/m to 36.1 mN/m, to spontaneously accelerate the later Oswald ripening process by improving the grain solubility through the elastic modulus regulation. The ripening rate is increased from 2.37 Åm·s‐1 to 4.61 Åm·s‐1 during annealing. Finally, the solar cells derived from the optimized films showed significantly improved PCE from 23.14% to 25.32%. The long‐term stability tests show excellent thermal stability (the optimized device without encapsulation maintaining 82% of its initial PCE after 800 h aging at 85 ºC) and an improved light stability under illumination. This work provides a new method, the elastic modulus regulation, to enhance the ripening process.

show abstract

Rapid crystallization and controllable growth of perovskite thin films via a seeded approach

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

Polymer Additive Assisted Fabrication of Compact and Ultra-Smooth Perovskite Thin Films with Fast Lamp Annealing

Polymer Additive Assisted Fabrication of Compact and Ultra-Smooth Perovskite Thin Films with Fast Lamp Annealing

Kinetics Controlled Perovskite Crystallization for High Performance Solar Cells

Kinetics Controlled Perovskite Crystallization for High Performance Solar Cells

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