Rapid biomimetic mineralization of chitosan scaffolds with a precursor sacrificed method in ethanol/water mixed solution

Abstract

Abstract. Biomimetic mineralization was performed on a large scale by a rapid and efficient approach. Chitosan scaffolds were placed in a mixed solution of urea, ethanol and distilled water, followed by the introduction of dibasic sodium phosphate (0.1M) and calcium chloride (0.1M) with the molar ratio of 1.67. These mixed solvents was then adjusted to weakly alkaline by adding sodium hydroxide solution. Finally the reaction mixture was sealed and kept at 80ºC for predetermined time. The composition and morphology of the apatite and the hybrid scaffolds were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). The mechanism of nucleation and growth of crystals was discussed as well. The results revealed that chitosan scaffolds improved the crystallinity of hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystals. With the extension of mineralization time, the mineral layers on the outer surface and inner section of chitosan scaffolds increased as well. Furthermore, the compressive strength and modulus of the HAP-chitosan scaffolds biocomposites increased to 0.55±0.003 and 29.29±1.25 MPa respectively. Such one-pot approach may be extended to the mineralization of other materials and will have a broad application in the future.

Biomineralization improves mechanical and osteogenic properties of multilayer‐modified PLGA porous scaffolds

“…The XRD patterns of PLGA and mPLGA scaffolds after exposure to CaP solution and the precipitated materials collected from supernatants are shown in Figure C. There was no obvious difference in the spectra of material formed in the suspensions collected from the two different samples, which was demonstrated as HAP of poor crystallinity . However, specific differences were found in the spectra recorded from the PLGA and mPLGA scaffolds.…”

“…The steps for the mineralization of PLGA scaffolds were followed our previous work with some modification . Specifically, the PLGA and mPLGA scaffolds were placed into a solution containing 5 mL H 2 O, 15 mL ethanol, and 0.3 g urea (sigma).…”

“…There was no obvious difference in the spectra of material formed in the suspensions collected from the two different samples, which was demonstrated as HAP of poor crystallinity. 22,47 However, specific differences were found in the spectra recorded from the PLGA and mPLGA scaffolds. For the mineralized PLGA scaffold, we can see that Bragg peaks of HAP (25.8, 48.9) and DCP (29.2, 31.6) 25 are appeared in the spectrum.…”

“…The steps for the mineralization of PLGA scaffolds were followed our previous work with some modification. 22 Specifically, the PLGA and mPLGA scaffolds were placed into a solution containing 5 mL H 2 O, 15 mL ethanol, and 0.3 g urea (sigma). Then, 5 mL dibasic sodium phosphate (NaH 2 PO 4 , 0.1 M, Sigma) and 8.35 mL calcium chloride (CaCl 2 , 0.1 M, Sigma) were added under magnetic stirring.…”

3D-printed alginate/phenamil composite scaffolds constituted with microsized core–shell struts for hard tissue regeneration

“…30 Therefore, we suggest that the PM coated on the scaffolds may facilitate generation of a mineralized surface on the scaffolds in SBF and enhance osteointegration in the implant area. This may be because the -NH 2 groups of the PM molecule bind chemically with phosphate anions in the SBF, resulting in acceleration of apatite formation.…”