Rapid and strong biocidal effect of ferrate on sulfidogenic and methanogenic sewer biofilms

Three Kinetic Patterns for the Oxidation of Emerging Organic Contaminants by Fe(VI): The Critical Roles of Fe(V) and Fe(IV)

“…Emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) are a group of synthetic compounds widely present in the aquatic environment, as a consequence of various industrial and agricultural activities of human beings . Although the concentrations of EOCs are commonly observed at trace concentrations (typically ng L –1 or μg L –1 ), they have attracted increasing concerns due to their potential human and ecological health risks. − Notably, chemical oxidation is one of the most effective approaches to alleviate EOCs in raw water or municipal wastewater effluents. − Among the commonly used chemical oxidants, ferrate (i.e., Fe­(VI)) has attracted increasing attention in recent years due to its multiple functions − and great superiority over other oxidants in suppressing the formation of some specific disinfection byproducts . Fe­(VI) can not only effectively decompose various organic contaminants, − especially those containing electron-donating moieties, but also sequester the degradation products of target organic contaminants through coagulation and/or adsorption due to the in situ generation of Fe­(III). ,, Although Fe­(VI) can slowly oxidize bromide, the formation of active bromine and bromate at typical water treatment conditions is limited without a public health concern. , Over the past decades, oxidative removal of various EOCs in water by Fe­(VI) has been extensively investigated, including quantitatively determining the kinetics of EOCs degradation. − Generally, it was believed that Fe­(VI) oxidation of a specific EOC followed second-order kinetics behaviors, i.e., first-order dependence on the concentrations of both Fe­(VI) and the target EOC (eq ).…”

Sulfur‐driven autotrophic denitrification of nitric oxide for efficient nitrous oxide recovery

“…The pH was determined by a pH meter (PHSJ‐4A) and the concentration of MLVSS was measured based on standard methods (APHA, 1995). The SO 4 2 − concentration was measured by an ion chromatograph with a conductivity detector (DIONEX ICS 1000) (Yan et al, 2020). All the liquid samples were treated with 0.22‐μm filtration before following analysis.…”

Application of Fe(VI) in abating contaminants in water: State of art and knowledge gaps

“…Fe(VI) is an environmental benign disinfectant with the ability of damaging the genome and the oxidant-sensitive protein structures of microorganisms, hindering their growth and reproduction (Hu et al, 2012;Yan et al, 2020). Previous studies have demonstrated that Fe(VI) can effectively inactivate a wide variety of microorganisms including cyanobacteria (Sharma, 2007), bacteriophage MS2 (Hu et al, 2012), f2 virus (Schink and Waite, 1980), norovirus (Manoli et al, 2020), Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus (Sharma, 2007), micro-algae (Fan et al, 2018), and so on.…”

“…Similarly, the removal of TrOCs by Fe(VI) can be improved by applying Fe(VI) in multiple-dosing mode rather than in single-dosing mode (Feng et al, 2016;Yan et al, 2020). Compared with the encapsulated K 2 FeO 4 samples, multi-step dosing of Fe(VI) is more environmentally-friendly since no additional materials are introduced into the water.…”

“…The redox potentials of Fe(VI) are + 2.2 V and + 0.7 V (vs NHE) in acidic and basic solutions, respectively (Sharma et al, 2015). Fe(VI) can not only inactivate a wide variety of microorganisms (Fan et al, 2018;Yan et al, 2020), but also efficiently and selectively oxidize various inorganics (Sharma, 2011) and organics containing the electrondonating groups (Yang et al, 2012). In addition, the reductive product of Fe(VI), the in situ generated ferric (hydr)oxides, possesses excellent coagulation and adsorption ability and thus has immense potential in further eliminating the contaminants and the reaction byproducts after Fe(VI) oxidation (Lee et al, 2003;Kralchevska et al, 2016a).…”