Rapid and simple low density miniaturized homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometric determination of pesticide residues in sediment

Determination of organophosphorus pesticide residues in vegetables using solid phase micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatography–flame photometric detector

“…The pesticides are traditionally extracted using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) (Fenoll et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2008;Hassan et al, 2010;Pirard et al, 2007). The LLE procedures consume large amounts of solvents, involve several steps, time consuming and difficult to be automated.…”

Development of counter current salting-out homogenous liquid–liquid extraction for isolation and preconcentration of some pesticides from aqueous samples

“…In order to determine trace level of pesticide residues, an extraction and preconcentration step is necessary. Traditional liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid phase extraction (SPE) are the most popular procedures in routine sample preparation because of their simplicity, efficiency, and wide acceptance in many standard methods [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. However, LLE technique is timeconsuming, requires large amounts of toxic organic solvents, and provides low enrichment of analytes.…”

Organophosphorus Pesticides Analysis

“…The original research works devoted to OP pesticides analysis applying various chromatographic techniques: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Baugros et al, 2008;Chen & Huang, 2006;Cortés-Aguado et al, 2008;Cunha et al, 2009;Filho et al, 2010aFilho et al, , 2010bHassan et al, 2010;Kolberg et al, 2011;Lavagnini et al, 2011;Lesueur et al, 2008aLesueur et al, , 2008bLi et al, 2011b;Libin et al, 2006;López-Feria et al, 2009;Nguyen et al, 2008;Nguyen et al, 2010;Pang et al, 2006;Rodrigues et al, 2010;Silva et al, 2008;Sinha et al, 2006;Toledano et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2011;Wu et al, 2011;Yang et al, 2011), gas chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (Barco-Bonilla et al, 2010;Camino-Sánchez et al, 2008;Frenich et al, 2006;Fuentes et al, 2008Fuentes et al, , 2009García-Rodríguez et al, 2010;Lee et al, 2008;Qu et al, 2010;Walorczyk, 2008;Walorczyk & Gnusowski, 2009), gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry (González-Rodríguez et al, 2008;Przybylski & Hommet, 2008), gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Hernández et al, 2010;Portolés et al, 2011), high performance liquid chromatography (Akkad et al, 2010;…”