Rapid and simple determination of chloropropanols (3-MCPD and 1,3-DCP) in food products using isotope dilution GC–MS

Abu-El-Haj, Sameer; Bogusz, M; Ibrahim, Zuhoor; Hassan, Huda; Tufail, Mohammed Al

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2005.08.014

Cited by 53 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…The most common derivatization reactions that give adequate sensitivity and selectivity to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) methods include heptafluorobutyrylimidazole (HFBI) 8, 11–13 or heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFBA) 14, 15, phenylboronic acid (PBA) 13, 14, 1‐trimethylsilylimidazole (TSIM) 16, N ‐methyl‐ N ‐(trimethylsilyl)‐trifluoroacetamide (MTSTFA) 17 and N , O ‐bis(trimethylsisyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) 18.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined solid‐phase extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry used for determination of chloropropanols in water

González

Racamonde

Carro

et al. 2011

J of Separation Science

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A sensitive and rapid derivatization method for the simultaneous determination of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (1,3-DCP) and 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) in water samples has been developed. The aim was to research the optimal conditions of the derivatization process for two selected reagents. A central composite design was used to determine the influence of derivatization time, derivatization temperature and reagent volume. A global desirability function was applied for multi-response optimization. The analysis was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. During the optimization of the extraction procedure, four different types of solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns were tested. It was demonstrated that the Oasis HLB cartridge produced the best recoveries of the target analytes. The pH value and the salinity were investigated using a Doehlert design. The best results for the SPE of both analytes were obtained with 1.5 g of NaCl and pH 6. The proposed method provides high sensitivity, good linearity (R(2)≥0.999) and repeatability (relative standard deviations % between 2.9 and 3.4%). Limits of detection and quantification were in the range of 1.4-11.2 ng/mL and 4.8-34.5 ng/mL, respectively. Recoveries obtained for water samples were ca. 100% for 1,3-DCP and 3-MCPD. The method has been successfully applied to the analysis of different samples including commercially bottled water, an influent and effluent sewage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined solid‐phase extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry used for determination of chloropropanols in water

González

Racamonde

Carro

et al. 2011

J of Separation Science

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“…Matthew and Anastasio (), with the same derivatization agent and GC‐ECD, achieved a lower and more sensitive LOD between 0.07 × 10 −2 and 0.17 × 10 −2 mg/kg. Abu‐El‐Haj and others (), using HFBA coupled with GC‐MS‐SIM, developed a method with an LOD of 0.01 × 10 −1 mg/kg. HFBA can provide almost the same sensitivity as HFBI with a suitable catalyst.…”

Section: Methods Of Detection—advantages and Disadvantagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

3‐Chloropropane‐1,2‐diol (3‐MCPD) in Soy Sauce: A Review on the Formation, Reduction, and Detection of This Potential Carcinogen

Lee

Khor

2014

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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Soy sauce, a dark-colored seasoning, is added to enhance the sensory properties of foods. Soy sauce can be consumed as a condiment or added during the preparation of food. There are 3 types of soy sauce: fermented, acid-hydrolyzed vegetable protein (acid-HVP), and mixtures of these. 3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) is a heatproduced contaminants formed during the preparation of soy sauce and was found to be a by-product of acid-HVPproduced soy sauce in 1978. 3-MCPD has been reported to be carcinogenic, nephrotoxic, and reproductively toxic in laboratory animal testing and has been registered as a chemosterilant for rodent control. 3-MCPD is classified as a possible carcinogenic compound, and the maximum tolerated limit in food has been established at both national and international levels. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview on the detection of 3-MCPD in soy sauce, its toxic effects, and the potential methods to reduce its concentration, especially during the production of acid-HVP soy sauce. The methods of quantification are also critically reviewed with a focus on efficiency, suitability, and challenges encountered in analysis.

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“…The synthesis of DCP is important since it is an intermediate in the production of epichlorohydrin [11], which is an intermediate in the production of epoxide resins, glycerine, and several pharmaceutical products [12]. Recently Luo et al [13] experimentally and theoretically investigated the direct preparation of DCP from glycerol using acetic acid catalyst in a batch reactor at 363-393 K. The experiment showed that the glycerol decreased to its minimum at about 100 minutes and remained nearly unchanged after that.…”

Section: Glycerol To Dichloro-2-propanol (Dcp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycerol (Byproduct of Biodiesel Production) as a Source for Fuels and Chemicals Mini Review

Fan¹,

Burton²,

Zhou³

2010

TOEFJ

144

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Abstract:Currently the large surplus of glycerol formed as a by-product during the production of biodiesel offered an abundant and low cost feedstock. Researchers showed a surge of interest in using glycerol as renewable feedstock to produce functional chemicals. This Minireview focuses on recent developments in the conversion of glycerol into valueadded products, including citric acid, lactic acid, 1,3-dihydroxyacetone (DHA), 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD), dichloro-2-propanol (DCP), acrolein, hydrogen, and ethanol etc. The versatile new applications of glycerol in the everyday life and chemical industry will improve the economic viability of the biodiesel industry.

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Rapid and simple determination of chloropropanols (3-MCPD and 1,3-DCP) in food products using isotope dilution GC–MS

Cited by 53 publications

References 11 publications

Combined solid‐phase extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry used for determination of chloropropanols in water

Combined solid‐phase extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry used for determination of chloropropanols in water

3‐Chloropropane‐1,2‐diol (3‐MCPD) in Soy Sauce: A Review on the Formation, Reduction, and Detection of This Potential Carcinogen

Glycerol (Byproduct of Biodiesel Production) as a Source for Fuels and Chemicals Mini Review

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Rapid and simple determination of chloropropanols (3-MCPD and 1,3-DCP) in food products using isotope dilution GC–MS

Cited by 53 publications

References 11 publications

Combined solid‐phase extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry used for determination of chloropropanols in water

Combined solid‐phase extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry used for determination of chloropropanols in water

3‐Chloropropane‐1,2‐diol (3‐MCPD) in Soy Sauce: A Review on the Formation, Reduction, and Detection of This Potential Carcinogen

Glycerol (Byproduct of Biodiesel Production) as a Source for Fuels and Chemicals  Mini Review

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Glycerol (Byproduct of Biodiesel Production) as a Source for Fuels and Chemicals Mini Review