Rapid and simple design approach of micro-strip Butler matrix beam-forming network for wireless system

Abstract

Abstract:In this work, a rapid and simple approach is facilitating the design of Butler matrix beam-forming network (BMN). Generally, BMN structure is occupying huge area of printed circuit board and required large amount of mesh cells for better simulation accuracy. The proposed approach has reduced design steps and improves the simulation time. Although, designers can use better mainframe and graphics processing unit in order to improve the simulation time, the devices come with simulation cost. The entire BMN is divided into smaller and simple structure as the standard re-use electromagnetic model in order to study the parasitic elements and essential actual phase progression.

Quasi-Optical Beamforming Approach Using Vertically Oriented Dielectric Wedges

“…Analog beamforming techniques such as Butler Matrix and Blass Matrix were introduced in the 1960's. Phase shifters, antennas, directional couplers, crossovers and transmission lines are used for the realization of these analog beamformers [10][11][12][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. The complexity of these networks for multiple beams and considerable insertion losses at higher frequencies make them undesirable at millimeter wavelengths.…”

Application of a two-dimensional Butler matrix antenna array for tile-based beamforming

“…Because one-dimensional (1D) Butler beamforming techniques [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9] have become inadequate for satisfying the requirements of modern communication systems. Research efforts have shifted to the design of twodimensional (2D) Butler beamforming systems [10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18].…”