Rapid and Sensitive UPLC-MS–MS for the Determination of Trimetazidine in Human Plasma

Overcoming interference of plasma phospholipids using HybridSPE for the determination of trimetazidine by UPLC–MS/MS

“…Sample preparation is a key step in analyzing small molecules from biological fluids owing to the presence of endogenous matrix components. The literature presents a variety of extraction procedures for TMZ, including protein precipitation (PP) (Jiao et al, ; Medvedovici et al, ; Xiong et al, ; Zhou et al, ; Zou et al, ), hollow fiber‐based liquid phase microextraction (Lv et al, ), liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) (Chowdhury et al, ; Ding et al, ; Grabowski et al, ; Helmy & Mansour, ; Ozbay et al, ; Wang et al, ; Zhang et al, ), LLE followed by precolumn derivatization (de Jager et al, ; Khedr et al, ), salting‐out‐assisted LLE (Xiong & Yang, ) and SPE (Mistri et al, ). The majority of the methods have utilized LLE for selective extraction of TMZ from human plasma; however, the recovery obtained using different solvent systems was in the range of 57–75%.…”

“…Hybrid SPE–phospholipid technology, which is designed to remove interferences owing to endogenous proteins and phospholipids, provides a simple one‐step sample preparation approach. So far there is only one UPLC–MS/MS method which was validated in the concentration range of 0.25–100 ng/mL using 500 μL human plasma (Zhang et al, ). The present UPLC–MS/MS method is five times more sensitive compared with this method and utilizes only 100 μL plasma for processing.…”

“…Several methods are reported for determination of TMZ in different biological samples such as human plasma (de Jager et al, ; Ding, Gong, Chu, Hu, & Zheng, ; Grabowski et al, ; Helmy & Mansour, ; Jiao et al, ; Khedr, Sheha, & Darwish, ; Liu et al, ; Lv et al, ; Medvedovici, Albu, Georgiţ, & David, ; Mistri, Jangid, & Shrivastav, ; Ozbay, Unal, & Erol, ; Wang, Sun, Rong, Tang, & He, ; Zhang et al, ; Zhou et al, ; Zou, Dai, Wang, Zhu, & Fan, ), human serum (Chowdhury et al, ), rat plasma (Xiong & Yang, ; Xiong, Yang, & Zhai, ), and pig and dog plasma (Génissel, Chodjania, Demolis, Ragueneau, & Jaillon, ). Mainly, high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence (Khedr et al, ), electrochemical (Grabowski et al, ) and UV (Chowdhury et al, ; Helmy & Mansour, ; Lv et al, ) detection, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) (de Jager et al, ; Ding et al, ; Jiao et al, ; Ozbay et al, ; Wang et al, ) and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) (Liu et al, ; Medvedovici et al, ; Mistri et al, ; Xiong et al, ; Xiong & Yang, ; Zhou et al, ; Zou et al, ) have been the preferred techniques for quantification of TMZ in these matrices.…”

“…An ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) has been reported for sensitive and rapid determination of TMZ in human plasma (Zhang et al, ). The objective of the present work was to develop and optimize a rugged UPLC–MS/MS method with improved sensitivity and better performance compared to all existing methods for TMZ.…”

Salting‐out‐assisted liquid–liquid extraction with acetonitrile for the determination of trimetazidine in rat plasma using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

“…Quantification of drugs in biological matrices by LC‐MS is becoming more and more common owing to the highly sensitivity and selectivity of this technique. The LC‐MS methods using different extraction techniques like solid‐phase extraction (Ding et al ., ; Mistri et al ., ), liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) (de Jager et al ., ; Wang et al ., ; Zhang et al ., ) and protein precipitation (PPT; Medvedovici et al ., ; Jiao et al ., ; Zou et al ., ; Zhou et al ., ) present improvements in chromatography or MS detection. Solid‐phase extraction is complicated, time‐consuming and cost‐ineffective.…”