Rapid and sensitive detection of varicella zoster virus in saliva of patients with herpes zoster

Mehta, Satish K.; Tyring, Stephen K.; Cohrs, Randall J.; Gilden, Don; Feiveson, Alan H.; Lechler, Kayla J.; Pierson, Duane L.

doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.05.019

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…We developed a rapid saliva-based assay to detect VZV DNA that provided a significant increase in DNA yield and reduced sample processing time from 6 h to 1 h. 6 In the present study, we initially showed that VZV was cell associated in saliva cells isolated from patients with active shingles. We then focused on determining the type of cells in saliva that VZV is associated with and localization of VZV within the cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 73%

Localization of VZV in saliva of zoster patients

Mehta

Nelman-Gonzalez

Tyring³

et al. 2017

Journal of Medical Virology

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Varicella zoster virus (VZV) in saliva from six herpes zoster patients and one chickenpox patient was found to be exclusively associated with epithelial cells by confocal microscopy. VZV localization with antibody specific to the VZV glycoprotein E was detected primarily on the membrane but was also inside the cell. Epithelial cells with VZV were still present in saliva in one out of two tested zoster patients after 10 months of recovery. Saliva from healthy controls (non-shingles patients, n = 5) did not show any sign of VZV by polymerase chain reaction or by confocal microscopy. No VZV was found in the liquid fraction of saliva. Further work is required to understand the movement of VZV in the saliva cells of infected patients.

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mentioning

confidence: 73%

Localization of VZV in saliva of zoster patients

Mehta

Nelman-Gonzalez

Tyring³

et al. 2017

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…For laboratory diagnosis of VZV infection, the following approaches are currently most useful: PCR on material from skin vesicles (submitted as swabs, fluid or scabs 102–104 ), saliva 90,102,103,105–107 and cerebrospinal fluid if neurological symptoms or signs are present 91,92,108,109 . Detection of VZV antigens by direct immunofluorescence from vesicles is also rapid and specific, although less sensitive than PCR 110 .…”

Section: Diagnosis Screening and Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varicella zoster virus infection

Gershon

Breuer

Cohen

et al. 2015

Nat Rev Dis Primers

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Infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes varicella (chickenpox), which can be severe in immunocompromised individuals, infants and adults. Primary infection is followed by latency in ganglionic neurons. During this period, no virus particles are produced and no obvious neuronal damage occurs. Reactivation of the virus leads to virus replication, which causes zoster (shingles) in tissues innervated by the involved neurons, inflammation and cell death — a process that can lead to persistent radicular pain (postherpetic neuralgia). The pathogenesis of postherpetic neuralgia is unknown and it is difficult to treat. Furthermore, other zoster complications can develop, including myelitis, cranial nerve palsies, meningitis, stroke (vasculopathy), retinitis, and gastroenterological infections such as ulcers, pancreatitis and hepatitis. VZV is the only human herpesvirus for which highly effective vaccines are available. After varicella or vaccination, both wild-type and vaccine-type VZV establish latency, and long-term immunity to varicella develops. However, immunity does not protect against reactivation. Thus, two vaccines are used: one to prevent varicella and one to prevent zoster. In this Primer we discuss the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of VZV infections, with an emphasis on the molecular events that regulate these diseases. For an illustrated summary of this Primer, visit: http://go.nature.com/14×VI1

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“…Finally, some may question whether saliva VZV DNA detection by using the centrifugated cell pellets of saliva or the concentrated saliva fluid may be useful for early diagnosis. Indeed, the recent study demonstrated that VZV DNA was abundant in the pelleted fraction of saliva because VZV in saliva is cell‐associated . So, further studies are needed in this area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships of varicella zoster virus (VZV)‐specific cell‐mediated immunity and persistence of VZV DNA in saliva and the development of postherpetic neuralgia in patients with herpes zoster

Park

Kim

Kwon

et al. 2019

Journal of Medical Virology

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There are no surrogate markers for the development of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) in patients with herpes zoster (HZ). All patients with HZ were prospectively enrolled to evaluate the associations of saliva varicella zoster virus (VZV) DNA persistence and VZV-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) with the development of PHN. Slow clearers were defined if salivary VZV DNA persisted after day 15. Salivary VZV was detected in 60 (85.7%) of a total of 70 patients with HZ on initial presentation. Of 38 patients for whom follow-up saliva samples were available, 26 (68.4%) were classified as rapid clearers and 12 (31.6%) as slow cleares. Initial VZV-specific CMI was lower in slow clearers than rapid clearers (median 45 vs 158 spot forming cells/10 6 cells, P = .02). Of the 70 patients with HZ, 22 (31.4%) eventually developed PHN. Multivariate analysis showed that slow clearers (OR, 15.7, P = .01) and lower initial VZV-specific CMI (OR, 13.8, P = .04) were independent predictors of the development of PHN, after adjustment for age and immunocompromised status. Initial low VZV CMI response and persistence of VZV DNA in saliva may be associated with the development of PHN. K E Y W O R D S cell mediated immunity, herpes zoster, postherpetic neuralgia, saliva, varicella-zoster virus (VZV)

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Rapid and sensitive detection of varicella zoster virus in saliva of patients with herpes zoster

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Localization of VZV in saliva of zoster patients

Localization of VZV in saliva of zoster patients

Varicella zoster virus infection

Relationships of varicella zoster virus (VZV)‐specific cell‐mediated immunity and persistence of VZV DNA in saliva and the development of postherpetic neuralgia in patients with herpes zoster

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