Localization of VZV in saliva of zoster patients

Mehta, Satish K.; Nelman-Gonzalez, Mayra; Tyring, Stephen K.; Tong, Yun; Beitman, Andrew; Crucian, Brian; Renner, Ashlie; Pierson, Duane L.

doi:10.1002/jmv.24807

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Despite viremia in four of five animals on 4 dpi, the saliva from only one of the five animals was SVV DNA positive while all buccal samples were negative, suggesting a possible non-hematogenous route for dissemination into the oral mucosa or delay in replication within epithelial cells. Our study demonstrated positive shedding of SVV into the oral cavity of non-human primates, as is also shown in human VZV acute infection of adults (Mehta et al., 2012), patients with zoster (Cohrs et al., 2008, Mehta et al., 2008, 2013, 2017, Depledge et al., 2011, Nagel et al., 2011, Gershon et al., 2015), and patients with zoster sine herpete (Furuta et al., 2001; Gershon et al., 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Saliva— DNA was extracted from saliva using the QIA-Amp DNA kit (Qiagen; Germantown, MD) (Mehta et al., 2017).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our goal here was the development of a non-invasive method to analyze SVV infection and viremia after acute infection in non-human primates. We attempted to detect SVV DNA in saliva, as has been performed in VZV infection in adult humans (Mehta et al., 2012), in patients with zoster (Mehta et al., 2008, 2013, 2017; Depledge et al., 2011; Nagel et al., 2011; Gershon et al., 2015), and in patients with zoster sine herpete (Furuta et al., 2001; Gershon et al., 2015). We also analyzed buccal cells for SVV DNA to determine whether buccal epithelial cells from anesthetized animals could provide a more reliable source of material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simian Varicella Virus DNA in Saliva and Buccal Cells After Experimental Acute Infection in Rhesus Macaques

et al. 2019

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Simian varicella virus (SVV) infection of non-human primates is the counterpart of varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection in humans. To develop non-invasive methods of assessing SVV infection, we tested for the presence of SVV DNA in saliva, as has been documented in human VZV infection, and in buccal cells to determine whether epithelial cells might provide a more reliable source of material for analysis. Five rhesus macaques intratracheally inoculated with SVV all developed varicella with viremia and macular-papular skin rash in 1–2 weeks, which resolved followed by establishment of latency. DNA extracted from longitudinal blood peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), saliva and buccal samples collected during acute infection and establishment of latency were analyzed by real-time qPCR. After intratracheal inoculation, viremia was observed, with peak levels of 10 1 –10 2 copies of SVV DNA in 100 ng of PBMC DNA at 4 and 7 days post inoculation (dpi), which then decreased at 9–56 dpi. In saliva and buccal cells at 7 dpi, 10 1 –10 4 copies and 10 1 –10 5 copies of SVV DNA in 100 ng of cellular DNA, respectively, were detected in all the five monkeys. At 9 dpi, saliva samples from only two of the five monkeys contained SVV DNA at 10 2 –10 3 copies/100 ng of saliva DNA, while buccal cells from all five monkeys showed 10 0 –10 3 copies of SVV DNA/100 ng of buccal cell DNA. Similar to viremia, SVV DNA in saliva and buccal cells at 11–56 dpi was lower, suggesting clearance of viral shedding. SVV DNA levels were generally higher in buccal cells than in saliva. Our findings indicate that SVV shedding into the oral cavity parallels acute SVV infection and underscore the relevance of both saliva and buccal cell samples to monitor acute varicella virus infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Saliva— DNA was extracted from saliva using the QIA-Amp DNA kit (Qiagen; Germantown, MD) (Mehta et al., 2017).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simian Varicella Virus DNA in Saliva and Buccal Cells After Experimental Acute Infection in Rhesus Macaques

et al. 2019

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“…Finally, some may question whether saliva VZV DNA detection by using the centrifugated cell pellets of saliva or the concentrated saliva fluid may be useful for early diagnosis. Indeed, the recent study demonstrated that VZV DNA was abundant in the pelleted fraction of saliva because VZV in saliva is cell‐associated . So, further studies are needed in this area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships of varicella zoster virus (VZV)‐specific cell‐mediated immunity and persistence of VZV DNA in saliva and the development of postherpetic neuralgia in patients with herpes zoster

Park

Kim

Kwon

et al. 2019

Journal of Medical Virology

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There are no surrogate markers for the development of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) in patients with herpes zoster (HZ). All patients with HZ were prospectively enrolled to evaluate the associations of saliva varicella zoster virus (VZV) DNA persistence and VZV-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) with the development of PHN. Slow clearers were defined if salivary VZV DNA persisted after day 15. Salivary VZV was detected in 60 (85.7%) of a total of 70 patients with HZ on initial presentation. Of 38 patients for whom follow-up saliva samples were available, 26 (68.4%) were classified as rapid clearers and 12 (31.6%) as slow cleares. Initial VZV-specific CMI was lower in slow clearers than rapid clearers (median 45 vs 158 spot forming cells/10 6 cells, P = .02). Of the 70 patients with HZ, 22 (31.4%) eventually developed PHN. Multivariate analysis showed that slow clearers (OR, 15.7, P = .01) and lower initial VZV-specific CMI (OR, 13.8, P = .04) were independent predictors of the development of PHN, after adjustment for age and immunocompromised status. Initial low VZV CMI response and persistence of VZV DNA in saliva may be associated with the development of PHN. K E Y W O R D S cell mediated immunity, herpes zoster, postherpetic neuralgia, saliva, varicella-zoster virus (VZV)

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“…In space shuttle experiments, spleen and thymic masses were reduced in flight mice [20], and significant changes in thymopoiesis was reported in healthy flight astronauts in association with a defined physiological, emotional, and physical stress event [21]. Immune system dysregulation has now been demonstrated to occur during spaceflight and persist during 6 months orbital spaceflights [17,22,23,24]. These results suggest that immune system aberrations caused by stressors associated with space travel should be included when estimating risk for pathologies such as cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporary Loading Prevents Cancer Progression and Immune Organ Atrophy Induced by Hind-Limb Unloading in Mice

Takahashi

Wakihata

et al. 2018

IJMS

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Although the body’s immune system is altered during spaceflight, the effects of microgravity (μG) on tumor growth and carcinogenesis are, as yet, unknown. To assess tumor proliferation and its effects on the immune system, we used a hind-limb unloading (HU) murine model to simulate μG during spaceflight. HU mice demonstrated significantly increased tumor growth, metastasis to the lung, and greater splenic and thymic atrophy compared with mice in constant orthostatic suspension and standard housing controls. In addition, mice undergoing temporary loading during HU (2 h per day) demonstrated no difference in cancer progression and immune organ atrophy compared with controls. Our findings suggest that temporary loading can prevent cancer progression and immune organ atrophy induced by HU. Further space experiment studies are warranted to elucidate the precise effects of μG on systemic immunity and cancer progression.

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Localization of VZV in saliva of zoster patients

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

Simian Varicella Virus DNA in Saliva and Buccal Cells After Experimental Acute Infection in Rhesus Macaques

Simian Varicella Virus DNA in Saliva and Buccal Cells After Experimental Acute Infection in Rhesus Macaques

Relationships of varicella zoster virus (VZV)‐specific cell‐mediated immunity and persistence of VZV DNA in saliva and the development of postherpetic neuralgia in patients with herpes zoster

Temporary Loading Prevents Cancer Progression and Immune Organ Atrophy Induced by Hind-Limb Unloading in Mice

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