Rapid and delayed effects of single-walled carbon nanotubes in glioma cells

Abstract

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) demonstrate a strong potential as an optically activated theranostic nano-agent. However, using SWCNTs in theranostics still requires revealing mechanisms of the SWCNT-mediated effects on cellular functions. Even though rapid and delayed cellular responses can differ significantly and may lead to undesirable consequences, understanding of these mechanisms is still incomplete. We demonstrate that introducing short (150-250 nm) SWCNTs into C6 rat glioma cells leads to SWCNT-driven effects that show pronounced time dependence. Accumulation of SWCNTs is carried out due to endocytosis with modification of the actin cytoskeleton but not accompanied with autophagy. Its initial stage launches a rapid cellular response via significantly heightened mitochondrial membrane potential and superoxide anion

Specificity of carbon nanotube accumulation and distribution in cancer cells revealed by K-means clustering and principal component analysis of Raman spectra

“…The basic structural characterization has already been described in ref. 23, 26, and 27. SEM, TEM, Raman, TGA profile, and particle size analysis data can be found in the supplier's technical data sheet.…”

“…The time-dependent structural change of CNTs within the cell was revealed, and the mechanism of SWCNT accumulation via the formation of the endocytic vesicle around the CNT agglomerate as proposed in ref. 23 and 24 was demonstrated. The dependence of SWCNT distribution within the cell on the type of coating molecule was demonstrated.…”

“…This assumption has already been demonstrated for SWCNT-DNA complexes and their transport within C6 glioma cells. 23 C6 glioma cells exposed to SWCNT-ON for 72 hours. To avoid possible confusion, we note that for the dataset of spectra from cells exposed to SWCNT-ON, PC Loading 3 has the opposite sign compared to PC Loading 3 for the cells exposed to SWCNT-DNA complexes.…”

“…In the present study, we applied machine learning algorithms to the datasets of Raman spectra from C6 glioma cells exposed to single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs). These were previously described in studies, 18,23 where all datasets were used as is, without independent computational analysis. The accumulation of SWCNTs, their intracellular distribution and their interaction with cellular compartments and components were investigated using additional experimental studies and techniques (AFM, fluorescence microscopy, fluorometry, proliferation activity assays).…”

Modernistic and Emerging Developments of Nanotechnology in Glioblastoma-Targeted Theranostic Applications

“…In this regard, the short-lengthened and agglomerated forms of single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) can facilitate the selective photoacoustic destruction of glioma under NIR laser irradiation without affecting the nearby tissues [56]. Another research group has developed SWCNT-DNA complexes, which can accumulate and localize inside the glioma cells at very fast rates while maintaining a significant mitochondrial potential and ROS production against glioma [57]. The integration of PTT and molecular targeting has also been a crucial platform for investigating the effects of SWCNTs.…”