Rapid analysis of perchlorate, chlorate and bromate ions in concentrated sodium hypochlorite solutions

Pisarenko, Aleksey N.; Stanford, Benjamin D.; Quiñones, Oscar; Pacey, G.E.; Gordon, Gilbert; Snyder, Shane A.

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2009.11.061

Cited by 51 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…13 The active chlorine content of NaOCl solutions diminishes with time, 18 and the breakdown products of this deterioration include ClO 3 À , and perhaps other non-hypochlorite oxyhalides. 16 This phenomenon is reflected in the variation in ClO 3 À content in the seven Milton batches tested separately here, with the highest reading being twice that of the lowest. The active chlorine content of the Milton in the earlier study was not tested.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…This applies not only to domestic use, but also to bulk usage such as in chlorination of reticulated water supplies. 16 The current study offers persuasive evidence that the combination of thermometric apparatus and ammonium ion titration may fill this need. A major study involving deployment of extensive analytical resources would be required for a definitive understanding of the identity and role of compounds other than OCl À in analysing active chlorine in NaOCl solutions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…19 Certainly, the perchlorate concentration of NaOCl solutions is known to rise with increase in ClO 3 À content. 16 The ammonium ion titration method used for this project is an innovative technique, which is only practicable with a device such as the Metrohm thermometric titration unit used here. The ammonium ion titration method produced consistently lower active chlorine readings in testing a variety of NaOCl solutions compared with the iodometric method (Table 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 Only the HOCl and OCl À content is effective in killing microorganisms and dissolving protein. 16 It was considered important to investigate whether the amount of tissue dissolved by a solution affected the residual chlorine content and whether these measurements were useful in assessing the comparative effectiveness of NaOCl solutions. Milton was chosen as the NaOCl solution for this investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Assessment of residual active chlorine in sodium hypochlorite solutions after dissolution of porcine incisor pulpal tissue

Clarkson¹,

Smith²,

Kidd³

et al. 2013

Aust Dent J

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Background: In previous studies, surfactant-containing Hypochlor brands of sodium hypochlorite showed better tissue solubilizing abilities than Milton; differences not explained by original active chlorine content or presence of surfactant. It was postulated that exhaustion of active chlorine content could explain differences. This study aimed to assess whether Milton's poorer performance was due to exhaustion of active chlorine. Parallel experiments assessed the influence of titration methods, and the presence of chlorates, on active chlorine measurements. Methods: Time required to dissolve one or groups of 10 samples of porcine incisor pulp samples in Milton was determined. Residual active chlorine was assessed by thermometric titration. Iodometric and thermometric titration was carried out on samples of Milton. Chlorate content was also measured. Results: Dissolution of single and 10 pulp samples caused a mean loss of 1% and 3% respectively of active chlorine, not being proportional to tissue dissolved. Thermometric ammonium ion titration resulted in 10% lower values than iodometric titration. Chlorate accounted for much of this difference. Conclusions: Depletion of active chlorine is not the reason for differences in tissue dissolving capabilities of Milton. Thermometric ammonium ion titration gives more accurate measurement of active chlorine content than iodometric titration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Assessment of residual active chlorine in sodium hypochlorite solutions after dissolution of porcine incisor pulpal tissue

Clarkson¹,

Smith²,

Kidd³

et al. 2013

Aust Dent J

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show abstract

“…Also, more recently, liquid chromatography (LC)-MS/MS has been applied for bromate analysys. 21,22 Although IC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS are highly sensitive and accurate, these methods have a problem for the application in drinking water. That is, when coexisting ions (e.g., chloride, nitrate and sulfate) contained in drinking water co-eluted with bromate, ion suppression or ion enhancement occurred, which resulted in reduction or increase of the sensitivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Bromate in Drinking Water Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry without Sample Pretreatment

et al. 2011

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An analytical method for determining bromate in drinking water was developed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The 18 O-enriched bromate was used as an internal standard. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of bromate was 0.2 μg/L. The peak of bromate was separated from those of coexisting ions (i.e., chloride, nitrate and sulfate). The relative and absolute recoveries of bromate in two drinking water samples and in a synthesized ion solution (100 mg/L chloride, 10 mg N/L nitrate, and 100 mg/L sulfate) were 99 -105 and 94 -105%, respectively. Bromate concentrations in 11 drinking water samples determined by LC-MS/MS were <0.2 -2.3 μg/L. The results of the present study indicated that the proposed method was suitable for determining bromate concentrations in drinking water without sample pretreatment.

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Thyroid‐Disrupting Chemicals

Khetan¹

2014

Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment

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Endocrine disruptor compounds are exogenous agents able to interfere with a gland function, exerting their action across different functional passages, from the synthesis to the metabolism and binding to receptors of the hormone produced. Several issues, such as different levels and time of exposure and different action across different ages as well as gender, make the study of endocrine disruptors still a challenge. The thyroid is very sensitive to the action of disruptors, and considering the importance of a correct thyroid function for physical and cognitive functioning, addressing this topic should be considered a priority. In this review, we examined the most recent studies, many of them concentrating on maternal and child exposure, conducted to assess the impact of industrial chemicals which showed an influence on thyroid function. So far, the number of studies conducted on that topic is not sufficient to provide solid conclusions and lead to homogeneous guidelines. The lack of uniformity is certainly due to differences in areas and populations examined, the different conditions of exposures and the remarkable inter-subject variability. Nonetheless, the European Commission for Health and Food Safety is implementing recommendations to ensure that substances identified as endocrine disruptors will be withdrawn from the market.

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Rapid analysis of perchlorate, chlorate and bromate ions in concentrated sodium hypochlorite solutions

Cited by 51 publications

References 19 publications

Assessment of residual active chlorine in sodium hypochlorite solutions after dissolution of porcine incisor pulpal tissue

Assessment of residual active chlorine in sodium hypochlorite solutions after dissolution of porcine incisor pulpal tissue

Analysis of Bromate in Drinking Water Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry without Sample Pretreatment

Thyroid‐Disrupting Chemicals

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