Rapid acquisition of auditory brainstem responses with multiple frequency and intensity tone-bursts

Mitchell, Curtin R.; Kempton, J. Beth; Creedon, Thomas A.; Trune, Dennis R.

doi:10.1016/s0378-5955(96)00081-0

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Auditory thresholds were determined by auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing (Mitchell et al 1996). Adult mice (postnatal day 16-28 [P16-18]) were anesthetized using a ketamine (0.066 mg/g body weight)/xylazine (0.013 mg/g body weight) cocktail in 0.9% saline.…”

Section: Auditory Brainstem Response Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scleraxis is Required for Differentiation of the Stapedius and Tensor Tympani Tendons of the Middle Ear

Wang

Bresee

Jiang

et al. 2011

JARO

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Scleraxis (Scx) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor expressed in tendon and ligament progenitor cells and the differentiated cells within these connective tissues in the axial and appendicular skeleton. Unexpectedly, we found expression of the Scx transgenic reporter mouse, Scx-GFP, in interdental cells, sensory hair cells, and cochlear supporting cells at embryonic day 18.5 (E18.5). We evaluated Scx-null mice to gain insight into the function of Scx in the inner ear. Paradoxical hearing loss was detected in Scx-nulls, with 50% of the mutants presenting elevated auditory thresholds. However, Scx-null mice have no obvious, gross alterations in cochlear morphology or cellular patterning. Moreover, we show that the elevated auditory thresholds correlate with middle ear infection. Laser interferometric measurement of sound-induced malleal movements in the infected Scx-nulls demonstrates increased impedance of the middle ear that accounts for the hearing loss observed. The vertebrate middle ear transmits vibrations of the tympanic membrane to the cochlea. The tensor tympani and stapedius muscles insert into the malleus and stapes via distinct tendons and mediate the middle ear muscle reflex that in part protects the inner ear from noise-induced damage. Nothing, however, is known about the development and function of these tendons. Scx is expressed in tendon progenitors at E14.5 and differentiated tenocytes of the stapedius and tensor tympani tendons at E16.5-18.5. Scx-nulls have dramatically shorter stapedius and tensor tympani tendons with altered extracellular matrix consistent with abnormal differentiation in which condensed tendon progenitors are inefficiently incorporated into the elongating tendons. Scx-GFP is the first transgenic reporter that identifies middle ear tendon lineages from the time of their formation through complete tendon maturation. Scx-null is the first genetically defined mouse model for abnormal middle ear tendon differentiation. Scx mouse models will facilitate studies of tendon and muscle formation and function in the middle ear.

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Section: Auditory Brainstem Response Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The duration of each tone burst was 2 ms, and responses were recorded for 12 ms. Responses were then averaged to obtain an event related potentials at each frequency and intensity (Mitchell et al 1996).…”

Section: Auditory Brainstem Response Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scleraxis is Required for Differentiation of the Stapedius and Tensor Tympani Tendons of the Middle Ear

Wang

Bresee

Jiang

et al. 2011

JARO

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“…The clinical application of auditory brainstem response (ABR) is often limited by the practical length of a test session [Mitchell and Clemis, 1977;Jerger et al, 1985;Burkard et al, 1990a;Hamill et al, 1991;Mitchell et al, 1996]. Conventional test sessions (without sedation or anesthesia) have a limit of about 1 h. This greatly limits the number of averaged responses that can be obtained and the range of frequencies and intensities that may be examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple stimulus sequences of clicks and tone bursts have been used to increase the time efficiency when obtaining cochlear and brainstem responses [Spoor, 1974;Eggermont et al, 1976;Hoke et al, 1991;Hamill et al, 1991Hamill et al, , 1992Mitchell et al, 1996]. Only in some cases has it been documented that response adaptation was avoided [Hamill et al, 1992;Mitchell, 1991;Mitchell et al, 1996].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of a 56-Stimulus Train for the Rapid Acquisition of Auditory Brainstem Responses

Mitchell¹,

Kempton²,

Creedon³

et al. 1999

Audiol Neurotol

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To further develop a multiple stimulus method for the rapid acquisition of auditory brainstem responses (ABRs), a 56-stimulus train was tested in mice. Stimuli in the train were tone bursts spaced at 0.5-octave intervals from 4 to 32 kHz. ABR thresholds, latency-intensity and amplitude-intensity functions were obtained using stimuli presented singly (one at a time) and using the 56-stimulus train. Responses from stimuli presented singly and those obtained using the 56-stimulus train were compared. There were no significant differences in thresholds (0.01 level) and very small differences in response latencies and amplitudes. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of multiple stimulus trains for the rapid acquisition of ABRs.

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“…͑2͒ AEP amplitude analysis, wherein the amplitude ͑from either time or frequency domain͒ of the AEP is used to determine if a stimulus-evoked response is present. Studies employing response-amplitude-based threshold estimations mainly involve a combination of three steps: ͑i͒ Measurement of the response amplitude, usually in terms of peak-topeak ͑e.g., May et al, 2002͒ or root mean square ͑rms͒ ͑e.g., Elberling and Don, 1984͒ voltage in the time domain or power in the frequency domain ͑e.g., Supin et al, 2001;Popper et al, 2005͒; ͑ii͒ Estimation of the background noise remaining in the average ͑see below͒; and ͑iii͒ Definition of a criterion minimum AEP amplitude for an evoked response, such as 3 dB above the background noise ͑Popper et al, 2005͒, two standard deviations ͑SDs͒ above the average background amplitude ͑May et al, 2002͒, or simply using an arbitrary value with no stated relation to the background noise ͑e.g., 0.1-0.2 V in Mitchell et al, 1996͒. A simpler AEP amplitude threshold determination approach uses the relationship between response amplitude and stimulus level to determine which stimulus levels are linearly related to AEP amplitude, regardless of background noise amplitudes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Objective threshold estimation and measurement of the residual background noise in auditory evoked potentials of goldfish

Xiao

Braun²

2008

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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A survey of papers using auditory evoked potentials ͑AEPs͒ published over the last 10 years ͑Table I͒ demonstrates that most AEP studies in animals have used subjective methods for auditory threshold determination. Subjective methods greatly reduce the value of statistical hypothesis testing and jeopardize tests of hypothetical experimental group differences in hearing sensitivity. Correspondingly, many attempts have been made to develop objective threshold determination methods, but these have not been used widely. Further, they seldom include an appreciation of the effects of residual noise in the AEP. In this study, AEPs evoked by tonal and noise stimuli in goldfish ͑Carassius auratus͒ were recorded and the residual background noise was measured and analyzed in detail. High variability was found in residual noise, but can be effectively controlled with a simple modification of averaging routines. Considerable interobserver disagreements were found using subjective threshold estimation. An objective method of threshold determination was developed based on comparison between AEP amplitude and controlled residual noise, using a signal detection theory approach to set specific threshold criteria. The usefulness of AEP in hypothesis testing for auditory function requires more control over residual background noise amplitudes and the use of objective threshold determination techniques.

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Rapid acquisition of auditory brainstem responses with multiple frequency and intensity tone-bursts

Cited by 29 publications

References 15 publications

Scleraxis is Required for Differentiation of the Stapedius and Tensor Tympani Tendons of the Middle Ear

Scleraxis is Required for Differentiation of the Stapedius and Tensor Tympani Tendons of the Middle Ear

The Use of a 56-Stimulus Train for the Rapid Acquisition of Auditory Brainstem Responses

Objective threshold estimation and measurement of the residual background noise in auditory evoked potentials of goldfish

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