Raphe Nuclei

Hornung, Jean‐Pierre

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374236-0.10011-2

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 209 publications

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“…The raphe magnus (RMg) is involved in pain modulation and regulation of reflexive emotional responses (Hornung, 2012 ). It showed expected structural connectivity to the sMRt (magnocellular reticular nucleus; Leanza, Perez, Pellitteri, Russo, & Stanzani, 1995 ), hypothalamus, PAG, LC, parabrachial nucleus and solitary tract (included in VSM in our human connectome; Sim & Joseph, 1992 ), bed nucleus of stria terminalis (amygdala), and preoptic area (hypothalamus; G. Holstege, 1991 ; G. G. Holstege, Mouton, & Gerrits, 2004 ; Figure 7b ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural connectivity of autonomic, pain, limbic, and sensory brainstem nuclei in living humans based on 7 Tesla and 3 Tesla MRI

Singh

García‐Gomar

Staab

et al. 2022

Human Brain Mapping

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Autonomic, pain, limbic, and sensory processes are mainly governed by the central nervous system, with brainstem nuclei as relay centers for these crucial functions.Yet, the structural connectivity of brainstem nuclei in living humans remains understudied. These tiny structures are difficult to locate using conventional in vivo MRI, and ex vivo brainstem nuclei atlases lack precise and automatic transformability to in vivo images. To fill this gap, we mapped our recently developed probabilistic brainstem nuclei atlas developed in living humans to high-spatial resolution (1.7 mm isotropic) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) at 7 Tesla in 20 healthy participants.To demonstrate clinical translatability, we also acquired 3 Tesla DWI with conventional resolution (2.5 mm isotropic) in the same participants. Results showed the structural connectome of 15 autonomic, pain, limbic, and sensory (including vestibular) brainstem nuclei/nuclei complex (superior/inferior colliculi, ventral tegmental area-parabrachial pigmented, microcellular tegmental-parabigeminal, lateral/medial parabrachial, vestibular, superior olivary, superior/inferior medullary reticular formation, viscerosensory motor, raphe magnus/pallidus/obscurus, parvicellular reticular nucleus-alpha part), derived from probabilistic tractography computation. Through Kavita Singh and María Guadalupe García-Gomar equally contributed to this work and share first authorship.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural connectivity of autonomic, pain, limbic, and sensory brainstem nuclei in living humans based on 7 Tesla and 3 Tesla MRI

Singh

García‐Gomar

Staab

et al. 2022

Human Brain Mapping

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“…Die serotonergen Neuronen finden sich im Gehirn hauptsächlich im Hirnstamm in den dorsalen und medianen Raphe-Kernen 14 . Von dort projizieren die Neuronen in die meisten Regionen des Gehirns, einschließlich des präfrontalen Kortex (PFC) 14 15 . Zusätzlich ist das serotonerge System an einer Vielzahl neuronaler Prozesse beteiligt, die unter anderem Wahrnehmung, Kognition, Stimmung und Bewusstsein regulieren 16 .…”

Section: Neurobiologische Grundlagenunclassified

Psilocybin-gestützte Therapie von Depression, Angst und Suchtstörungen: Neurobiologische Grundlagen und klinische Anwendung

Lasch,

Schweikert,

Dora

et al. 2023

Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr

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ZusammenfassungEine erfolgreiche Therapie psychischer Störungen ist angesichts des häufig vorhandenen Leidensdrucks der Betroffenen sehr wichtig. Da anerkannte pharmazeutische und psychotherapeutische Ansätze leider nicht für alle Patient:innen zur erwünschten Besserung ihres Leidens führen, findet intensive Forschung zu ergänzenden oder alternativen Behandlungsmethoden statt. Besonders vielversprechend zeigte sich zuletzt die Psilocybin-gestützte Psychotherapie, die in den USA deshalb für klinische Studien mit größeren Stichproben als bisher zugelassen wurde. Psilocybin gehört zu den Psychedelika und beeinflusst in seiner Wirkung das psychische Erleben. Bei der gestützten Therapie wird Psilocybin in kontrollierten Dosen unter medizinischer Aufsicht verabreicht. In den bisher durchgeführten Studien konnten bereits nach einer, bis wenigen Einnahmen längerfristige positive Effekte in Hinblick auf die jeweiligen Störungsbilder gezeigt werden. Um ein besseres Verständnis der potenziellen therapeutischen Mechanismen zu ermöglichen, sollen in diesem Artikel zunächst Erkenntnisse zur Wirkweise von Psilocybin auf neurobiologischer und psychologischer Ebene vorgestellt werden. Anschließend soll die Analyse der bisher durchgeführten klinischen Studien mit einer Anwendung von Psilocybin bei Patient:innen helfen, das Potential der Psilocybin-gestützten Psychotherapie für verschiedene Störungsbilder besser einschätzen zu können.

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“…The serotonergic innervation of the hippocampus originating from the DRN has small varicosities and diffuses across the laminae. In contrast, the innervation into the hippocampus from the medial raphe nucleus (MRN) has large varicosities (Hornung, 2012). Serotonergic projections modulate excitatory transmission in the hippocampus by fine-tuning the timing and strength of synaptic signals (Lesch & Waider, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonergic modulation of attack behavior in social isolation mice

Chien,

Su,

Liu

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background and Purpose: Intermittent explosive disorder is characterized by outbursts of rage and violence. While the 5HT receptor is linked to aggression reduction, its neural circuit mechanism remains unclear. Here, we explored the impact of the raphe nucleus projecting to the ventral hippocampus (vHip) on impulsive aggression. Experimental Approach: We used post-weaning social isolation (SI) mice as an animal model and employed the chemogenetic technique to specifically manipulate the activity of neural pathways projecting from either the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) or the median raphe nucleus (MRN) to the vHip. Combining with 5HT receptor (5HTR) agents, we investigated the impact of serotonergic inputs in the vHip on impulsive aggression. Key Results: By local infusion of Clozapine N-Oxide, activating either DRN soma or DRN nerve terminals in the vHip reduced impulsive aggression. 5-HTR antagonist SB-224289 nullified this aggression reduction. Activating the MRN→vHip pathway ameliorated depression-like behavior but not impulsive aggression. DRN→vHip activation decreased c-Fos levels in the vHip and the aggression-control area, the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH). Intra-vHip infusion of 5-HTR agonists (anpirtoline, CP-93129) suppressed impulsive aggression and decreased c-Fos levels within the vHip neurons projecting to the VMH, suggesting an inhibition mechanism. Conclusion and Implications: Our findings indicate that activating the DRN, rather than MRN, projecting to the vHip is sufficient to inhibit impulsive aggression in a 5-HTR-dependent manner. Thus, targeting 5-HTR could serve as a promising therapeutic approach to ameliorate symptoms of impulsive aggression.

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Raphe Nuclei

Cited by 21 publications

References 209 publications

Structural connectivity of autonomic, pain, limbic, and sensory brainstem nuclei in living humans based on 7 Tesla and 3 Tesla MRI

Structural connectivity of autonomic, pain, limbic, and sensory brainstem nuclei in living humans based on 7 Tesla and 3 Tesla MRI

Psilocybin-gestützte Therapie von Depression, Angst und Suchtstörungen: Neurobiologische Grundlagen und klinische Anwendung

Serotonergic modulation of attack behavior in social isolation mice

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