RAPD-PCR Analysis of Genetic Variation among Isolates of Alternaria solani and Alternaria alternata from Potato and Tomato

RAPD‐PCR and UP‐PCR techniques distinguish aPithomyces chartarumisolate with biocontrol capabilities againstBotrytis cinereaon grape (Vitis vinifera)

“…In light of previous PCR and UP-PCR studies on related fungi, results of the present study would suggest that the Ulocladium Group B represents a single species with two subspecies (Sharma et al 1995(Sharma et al , 1998Cooke et al 1998;Weir et al 1998). If so, results indicate that the variation observed in morphological characters between isolates, and currently used to differentiate species within the genus Ulocladium, represent the natural background level of variation within this species.…”

VARIATION IN AGGRESSIVENESS AND AFLP AMONG Alternaria solani ISOLATES FROM INDONESIA

“…Isolates obtained from contiguous tomato and potato fields such as in Margahayu, Lembang, could possibly originate from a tomato field infected with an adapted lineage to this host. Other studies in the USA, Brazil and Cuba found population subdivision according to the host of origin as detected by RAPD and/or AFLP markers (Weir et al 1998;Martinez et al 2004;Lourenço et al 2011) as well as by sequence analyses of ITS region of rDNA and the genes encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd), and Alt a1 (Lourenço et al 2009). …”

“…Studies in USA, Cuba, Brazil, India and China using isozyme and molecular markers also found no location effect or no clear differentiation of A. solani collected from various regions in those countries (Petrunak and Christ 1992;Weir et al 1998;Martinez et al 2004;Varma et al 2006;Kumar et al 2008;Lourenço et al 2011;Leiminger et al 2013;Meng et al 2015). Isolates from different agroclimatic conditions were found to be more genetically similar than isolates in close proximity to one another (Kumar et al 2008).…”

“…Previous studies revealed considerable variability among isolates with respect to morphology, physiology, biochemistry, aggressiveness and genetics (Bonde 1929;Henning and Alexander 1959;Petrunak and Christ 1992;Weir et al 1998;Castro et al 2000;Martinez et al 2004;van der Waals et al 2004;Varma et al 2006;Lourenço et al 2009;Lourenço Jr et al 2011;Weber and Halterman 2012;Meng et al 2015;Kumar et al 2016;Odilbekov et al 2016). Great variability in A. solani is unexpected, since the sexual stage of this pathogen is not known (Meng et al 2015).…”

“…The occurrence of differential aggressiveness among isolates has led to the conclusion for the presence of physiological races (Bonde 1929). However, the race concept in A. solani has not been widely accepted due to lack of characterized differential varieties (Chaerani and Voorrips 2006;Gannibal et al 2014;Adhikari et al 2017) Genetic variation within A. solani populations has been assessed using various molecular markers which included random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) (Weir et al 1998;Varma et al 2006;Kumar et al 2008;Lourenço Jr et al 2011;Weber and Halterman 2012;Leiminger et al 2013), random amplified microsatellites (RAMS) (van der Waals et al 2004), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) (Martinez et al 2004;Lourenço Jr et al 2011;Odilbekov et al 2016), and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) (Meng et al 2015), as well as sequence analyses of A. solani genome portion (Lourenço et al 2009;Weber and Halterman 2012). Among different types of molecular markers, AFLP marker has become one of the major methods of choice for studies of genetic diversity because it does not require prior knowledge of genomic sequence and generates a large number of polymorphic loci in a single experiment (Martinez et al 2004;Odilbekov et al 2016).…”