Rangewide Genetic Diversity in Natural Populations of Chinese Pine (Pinus tabulaeformis)

Abstract

Thirteen natural populations from throughout the range of the Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) were examined using inter-simple sequence repeat markers to characterize the genetic structure at the species level and to compare the extent and distribution of genetic variation among central, intermediate, and marginal populations. Although the total genetic variation in the Chinese pine was mainly maintained within populations, the genetic differentiation among populations was significant (P < 0.001). The genetic divergence was significantly correlated with geographic distance (P < 0.05). Genetic diversity tended to decrease from the central to intermediate and marginal populations. The marginal populations had significantly lower intrapopulation genetic diversity than central populations (P < 0.05). Cluster analysis based on Nei's unbiased genetic distances confirmed the difference among four central populations and the rest. Both historical and contemporary factors may have played key roles in shaping the spatial genetic structure of this species.

Genetic Diversity of Pinus nigra Arn. Populations in Southern Spain and Northern Morocco Revealed By Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat Profiles

“…Total genetic diversity for P. nigra in this study ( H E = 0.175) was lower than other Pinus species similarly researched with ISSR markers, such as Pinus tabuleaformis (0.4152, [18]), Pinus koraiensis (0.3477, [19]), Pinus sibirica (0.2699, [20]), Pinus sylvestris (0.2620, [21]; 0.217–0.310, [22]), and higher than Pinus squamata (0.029, [23]). The differences in the levels of genetic diversity among these species may be related to geographic distribution, number of population tested, population size of the species and the effect of climate changes during the last glacial maximum.…”

Genetic variability in pitch pine (Pinus rigida Mill.) growing in the Niepołomice Forest as determined by ISSR markers

“…Shannon's index (I) with a value of 0.382 indicated that the examined populations of pitch pine were characterized by more than threefold higher genetic variability as compared to the variability in P. sylvestris (I = 0.158) [39], while similar values were found for P. tabulaeformis (I = 0.3078) [49]. The value of total genetic diversity (H T = 0.262) was lower than that in P. koraiensis (H T = 0.348) [4] and P. tabulaeformis (H T = 0.415) [41], as well as the alpine populations of P. sylvestris (H T = 0.310), but it was similar to the values obtained for the populations of Scots pine derived from the Apennines (H T = 0.217) [40].…”

“…However, a disadvantage of this technique is the dominant character of the obtained products. Despite this disadvantage, the ISSR technique has been used to determine the level of genetic diversity in many forest tree species of the genera Abies [38], Pinus [4,[39][40][41], Picea [42], Pseudotsuga [43], Taxus [44], Fagus [45], Quercus [46], and others. There are, however, no studies on ISSR analysis in pitch pine.…”

Genetic diversity of the endemic flat-needle pine Pinus krempfii (Pinaceae) from Vietnam revealed by SSR markers

“…The highest H E values were observed in the Cong Troi population (0.250) and the lowest in the Hon Giao population (0.200; Table 5). Total genetic diversity for P. krempfii in this study (H E = 0.229) was higher than P. nigra (H E = 0.175) and Pinus squamata (H E = 0.029) (Zhang et al, 2005;Rubio-Moraga et al, 2012) and lower than some other Pinus species, which were similarly analyzed with ISSR markers, such as Pinus tabulaeformis (H E = 0.4152; Wang and Hao, 2010) Table 5). In all populations in the current study, five of the eight loci showed significant heterozygote deficiency.…”