Genetic Diversity of Pinus nigra Arn. Populations in Southern Spain and Northern Morocco Revealed By Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat Profiles

Abstract

Eight Pinus nigra Arn. populations from Southern Spain and Northern Morocco were examined using inter-simple sequence repeat markers to characterize the genetic variability amongst populations. Pair-wise population genetic distance ranged from 0.031 to 0.283, with a mean of 0.150 between populations. The highest inter-population average distance was between PaCU from Cuenca and YeCA from Cazorla, while the lowest distance was between TaMO from Morocco and MA Sierra Mágina populations. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and Nei’s genetic diversity analyses revealed higher genetic variation within the same population than among different populations. Genetic differentiation (Gst) was 0.233. Cuenca showed the highest Nei’s genetic diversity followed by the Moroccan region, Sierra Mágina, and Cazorla region. However, clustering of populations was not in accordance with their geographical locations. Principal component analysis showed the presence of two major groups—Group 1 contained all populations from Cuenca while Group 2 contained populations from Cazorla, Sierra Mágina and Morocco—while Bayesian analysis revealed the presence of three clusters. The low genetic diversity observed in PaCU and YeCA is probably a consequence of inappropriate management since no estimation of genetic variability was performed before the silvicultural treatments. Data indicates that the inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) method is sufficiently informative and powerful to assess genetic variability among populations of P. nigra.

Analysis of the genetic diversity of Chinese native Cannabis sativa cultivars by using ISSR and chromosome markers

“…Consequently, ISSR markers represent a powerful tool for investigating genetic variation within a species (Culley and Wolfe, 2001;Vicente et al, 2011;Rubio-Moraga et al, 2012). ISSR markers have been widely used for investigating population genetics in various plant species (Gajera et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2013;Chen et al, 2013;Lin and Hu, 2013).…”

The effect of genotype by environment interaction, phenotypic plasticity and adaptation on Pinus halepensis reforestation establishment under expected climate drifts

“…However, the species is expected to be severely affected by the impacts of global change (temperature increase, irregularity of precipitation, drought, fire…), so its regeneration, growth and mortality are seriously jeopardized in many ecological contexts (Banquet et al, 2013;Tiscar and Linares, 2011), especially when carrying out forest restoration programs. Salzmann pine exhibits a high genetic diversity among populations most probably due to the geographic isolation and the fragmented (sub-) Mediterranean distribution of populations (Rubio-Moraga et al, 2012). This genetic diversity has to be considered in reforestation programs in the new context of climate change as genetic material based on local seed sources may become ineffective in the near future (Aitken et al, 2008;Breed et al, 2013;Williams and Dumroese, 2013).…”

“…The Salzmann pine (Pinus nigra ssp. salzmannii) is an endemic subspecies of black pine native to the Western Mediterranean basin and covers 4 extensive areas of 350 000 ha in Spain (Rubio-Moraga et al, 2012). However, the species is expected to be severely affected by the impacts of global change (temperature increase, irregularity of precipitation, drought, fire…), so its regeneration, growth and mortality are seriously jeopardized in many ecological contexts (Banquet et al, 2013;Tiscar and Linares, 2011), especially when carrying out forest restoration programs.…”

Genetic diversity of the endemic flat-needle pine Pinus krempfii (Pinaceae) from Vietnam revealed by SSR markers

“…The highest H E values were observed in the Cong Troi population (0.250) and the lowest in the Hon Giao population (0.200; Table 5). Total genetic diversity for P. krempfii in this study (H E = 0.229) was higher than P. nigra (H E = 0.175) and Pinus squamata (H E = 0.029) (Zhang et al, 2005;Rubio-Moraga et al, 2012) and lower than some other Pinus species, which were similarly analyzed with ISSR markers, such as Pinus tabulaeformis (H E = 0.4152; Wang and Hao, 2010) Table 5). In all populations in the current study, five of the eight loci showed significant heterozygote deficiency.…”