Range-extending Zinc-air battery for electric vehicle

Sherman, Steven B.; Cano, Zachary P.; Fowler, Michael; Chen, Zhongwei

doi:10.3934/energy.2018.1.121

Cited by 30 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Going forward, the abundance of Zn offers the potential for lower cost ZABs relative to Li‐ion batteries. Until now, the most successful applications for ZABs thus far have been in the primary battery market, including portable medical and telecommunication devices . The development of secondary ZABs is constrained by the performance of the air electrode which limits the round‐trip efficiency and cycle life of rechargeable ZABs .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Crosslinker Concentration in Poly(Acrylic Acid)‐KOH Gel Electrolyte on Performance of Zinc‐Air Batteries

Tran

Clark

Chung

et al. 2020

Batteries & Supercaps

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Zinc-air batteries (ZABs) using gel polymer electrolytes suffer from low energy efficiency and poor cyclability. This issue is not only associated with the air electrode, as early failure of the battery is often due to the Zn electrode. Here, the cycle life of ZABs using alkaline poly(acrylic acid) (PAA-KOH) as the electrolyte is shown to vary by changing its crosslinking density. For ZABs using hydrogel electrolytes, understanding the failure mechanism and optimization of the hydrogel composition are key to achieving better utilization of the Zn electrode and battery rechargeability. In addition, the effects of crosslinker concentration on rheological properties, sol-gel fraction, ionic conductivity, and water retention ability of the hydrogel are discussed. PAA-KOH gels with lower crosslinking concentrations are weaker, but they have higher conductivity and better water retention, whereas gels with higher crosslinking concentrations affect the diffusion of zincate ions and facilitate passivation of the Zn electrode, resulting in early failure of the battery.[a] T.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Crosslinker Concentration in Poly(Acrylic Acid)‐KOH Gel Electrolyte on Performance of Zinc‐Air Batteries

Tran

Clark

Chung

et al. 2020

Batteries & Supercaps

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“…Solid-state ZABs, which are cheaper than LIBs and more resilient against shock, vibration and high temperature than aqueous ZABs, can provide a compact, lower power, continuous discharging source for EVs and home grid energy storage. [34][35] A conventional ZAB which is constructed in a planar arrangement where one Zn electrode is paired with one air electrode has a theoretical open circuit voltage of~1.6 V. In our previous study, tri-electrode ZABs with PAA showed promising performance in terms of cycling stability. [36] However, in a commercial battery pack, a tri-electrode design would be complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compositional Effects of Gel Polymer Electrolyte and Battery Design for Zinc‐Air Batteries

Tran

Aasen

Zhalmuratova

et al. 2020

Batteries & Supercaps

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Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) is a promising polymer host to support alkaline electrolytes in Zn‐air batteries. Herein, precursors containing different concentrations of monomers, crosslinkers and additives such as zinc oxide in alkaline solution are polymerized to fabricate gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) via one‐pot synthesis. The compositional effects of the GPEs on battery performance are evaluated and a more efficient cell design is demonstrated. With a vertical double air electrode configuration, ZABs using PAA‐based electrolytes show unprecedented performance including high specific energy (913 Wh kgZn−1), excellent cycling stability (at least 160 cycles at 2×10 mA cm−2) and high power density output (2×135 mW cm−2). The study represents a viable option to replace aqueous electrolytes for high performing ZABs.

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“…As a divalent metal, Zn electrodes can achieve a very large specific capacity (819.9 mA h g −1 , 5853.8 mA h L −1 ). The most suitable application for rechargeable ZABs is stationary energy storage, but they have also been proposed for EV applications and flexible electronics . Primary zinc–air button cells with alkaline electrolytes (e.g., KOH) are widely used in hearing aids, due to their high practical energy density (≈1000 W h L −1 ) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing Aqueous Organic Electrolytes for Zinc–Air Batteries: Method, Simulation, and Validation

Clark

Mainar

Iruin

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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Aqueous zinc–air batteries (ZABs) are a low‐cost, safe, and sustainable technology for stationary energy storage. ZABs with pH‐buffered near‐neutral electrolytes have the potential for longer lifetime compared to traditional alkaline ZABs due to the slower absorption of carbonates at nonalkaline pH values. However, existing near‐neutral electrolytes often contain halide salts, which are corrosive and threaten the precipitation of ZnO as the dominant discharge product. This paper presents a method for designing halide‐free aqueous ZAB electrolytes using thermodynamic descriptors to computationally screen components. The dynamic performance of a ZAB with one possible halide‐free aqueous electrolyte based on organic salts is simulated using an advanced method of continuum modeling, and the results are validated by experiments. X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy measurements of Zn electrodes show that ZnO is the dominant discharge product, and operando pH measurements confirm the stability of the electrolyte pH during cell cycling. Long‐term full cell cycling tests are performed, and rotating ring disk electrode measurements elucidate the mechanism of oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction. The analysis shows that aqueous electrolytes containing organic salts could be a promising field of research for zinc‐based batteries, due to their Zn2+ chelating and pH buffering properties. The remaining challenges including the electrochemical stability of the electrolyte components are discussed.

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Range-extending Zinc-air battery for electric vehicle

Cited by 30 publications

References 16 publications

Effects of Crosslinker Concentration in Poly(Acrylic Acid)‐KOH Gel Electrolyte on Performance of Zinc‐Air Batteries

Effects of Crosslinker Concentration in Poly(Acrylic Acid)‐KOH Gel Electrolyte on Performance of Zinc‐Air Batteries

Compositional Effects of Gel Polymer Electrolyte and Battery Design for Zinc‐Air Batteries

Designing Aqueous Organic Electrolytes for Zinc–Air Batteries: Method, Simulation, and Validation

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