Randomly Detected Genetically Modified (GM) Maize (Zea mays L.) near a Transport Route Revealed a Fragile 45S rDNA Phenotype

Waminal, Nomar Espinosa; Ryu, Ki Hyun; Choi, Sun-Hee; Kim, Hyun Hee

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0074060

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…This observation is consistent with our previous findings [39]. However, in some plants 35S rDNA sequences tend to break and are designated fragile sites [41,42,43,44,45]. Fragile sites were originally defined in humans as regions that form non-staining gaps, constrictions, or breaks in one or both of the chromatids of metaphase chromosomes [46,47].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Detecting Brachypodium distachyon Chromosomes Bd4 and Bd5 in MH- and X-Ray-Induced Micronuclei Using mcFISH

Kus

Szymanowska-Pułka

Kwaśniewska

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Micronuclei are biomarkers of genotoxic effects and chromosomal instability. They are formed when chromosome fragments or whole chromosomes fail to disjoin into daughter nuclei. We present qualitative and quantitative analyses of the involvement of specific chromosome regions of chromosomes Bd4 and Bd5 in the formation of micronuclei of Brachypodium distachyon root tip cells following maleic hydrazide (MH) treatment and X-radiation. This is visualised by cytomolecular approaches using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-based multicolour fluorescence in situ hybridisation (mcFISH) in combination with 5S and 25S rDNA probes. The results showed that the long arm of submetacentric chromosome Bd4 forms micronuclei at twice the frequency of its short arm, suggesting that the former is more prone to double-strand breaks (DSBs). In contrast, no difference was observed in the frequency of micronuclei derived from the long and short arms of submetacentric chromosome Bd5. Interestingly, the proximal region of the short arm of Bd5 is more prone to DSBs than its distal part. This demonstrates that 5S rDNA and 35S rDNA loci are not “hot spots” for DNA breaks after the application of these mutagens.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Detecting Brachypodium distachyon Chromosomes Bd4 and Bd5 in MH- and X-Ray-Induced Micronuclei Using mcFISH

Kus

Szymanowska-Pułka

Kwaśniewska

et al. 2019

IJMS

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“…The fragile sites were inherited steadily in C . sinensis and doubled in its double haploid, which indicated the fragile sites were non-random and heritable reported in genetically modified maize [ 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fragile Sites of ‘Valencia’ Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) Chromosomes Are Related with Active 45s rDNA

Chen

Miao

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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Citrus sinensis chromosomes present a morphological differentiation of bands after staining by the fluorochromes CMA and DAPI, but there is still little information on its chromosomal characteristics. In this study, the chromosomes in ‘Valencia’ C. sinensis were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using telomere DNA and the 45S rDNA gene as probes combining CMA/DAPI staining, which showed that there were two fragile sites in sweet orange chromosomes co-localizing at distended 45S rDNA regions, one proximally locating on B-type chromosome and the other subterminally locating on D-type chromosome. While the chromosomal CMA banding and 45S rDNA FISH mapping in the doubled haploid line of ‘Valencia’ C. sinensis indicated six 45S rDNA regions, four were identified as fragile sites as doubled comparing its parental line, which confirmed the cytological heterozygosity and chromosomal heteromorphisms in sweet orange. Furthermore, Ag-NOR identified two distended 45S rDNA regions to be active nucleolar organizing regions (NORs) in diploid ‘Valencia’ C. sinensis. The occurrence of quadrivalent in meiosis of pollen mother cells (PMCs) in ‘Valencia’ sweet orange further confirmed it was a chromosomal reciprocal translocation line. We speculated this chromosome translocation was probably related to fragile sites. Our data provide insights into the chromosomal characteristics of the fragile sites in ‘Valencia’ sweet orange and are expected to facilitate the further investigation of the possible functions of fragile sites.

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“…With the recent advances in science, molecular breeding has become a key approach for crop improvement and maize has benefitted the most. Common approaches employed in molecular research include marker assisted selection, marker assisted backcross, GMO and mutation breeding (Ruswandi et al, 2014;Waminal et al, 2013;Ye et al, 2009;Collard et al, 2005). For a successful molecular breeding, a mapping population developed from two contrasting homozygous or near isogenic parents is used (Xu, 2010;Semagn et al, 2006b;Landi et al, 2005).…”

Section: Molecular Breedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Awata¹,

Tongoona²,

Danquah³

et al. 2019

Int. J. Adv. Agric. Res.

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Maize is the second most important cereal crop in the world after wheat followed by rice. Although, it is among the latest entries in the list of food crops in Africa, maize has attracted much more attention in terms of research and adaptability. Consequently, maize has become the number 1 crop with significant contribution to modern farming and food security in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Majority of the population in the region depend on maize as their main source of calories, income and livelihood. Additionally, maize is of global importance as a model organism for advancement of genetic studies. However, maize production in the region is conditioned by complex factors leading to very low average yield compared to other parts of the world. General understanding of tropical maize is one of the key approaches required for improvement of tropical maize in SSA.Here an attempt was made to review various aspects of maize and major advances including the origin, taxonomy, genetics, morphology, physiology, cultural practices, yield potentials, breeding, and production constraints. The information generated could provide useful insights into tropical maize and might contribute towards enhancement of the crop for food security in SSA.

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Randomly Detected Genetically Modified (GM) Maize (Zea mays L.) near a Transport Route Revealed a Fragile 45S rDNA Phenotype

Cited by 10 publications

References 72 publications

Detecting Brachypodium distachyon Chromosomes Bd4 and Bd5 in MH- and X-Ray-Induced Micronuclei Using mcFISH

Detecting Brachypodium distachyon Chromosomes Bd4 and Bd5 in MH- and X-Ray-Induced Micronuclei Using mcFISH

Fragile Sites of ‘Valencia’ Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) Chromosomes Are Related with Active 45s rDNA

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