Randomized, Double-masked, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial on the Effects of Propolis and Chlorhexidine Mouthrinses on Gingivitis

Abstract

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the effects of typified propolis and chlorhexidine mouthrinses on gingival health in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Material and Methods Sixty participants were randomized to 3 mouthrinse study groups: 1) 2% typified propolis (n = 20); 2) 0.12% chlorhexidine (n = 20), and 3) placebo (n = 20). Participants rinsed unsupervised twice a day for 28 days. The Papillary Bleeding Score (PBS) was measured on the mesio-buccal surfaces of all teeth at baseline and 28 days thereafter. Co-variance analysis was employed to compare PBS average values and the number of sites with PBS ≥ 2 among study groups. Sub-group analysis was further applied to participants who were < 40 years-old. Results The results show efficacy of propolis mouthrinse when comparing before and after treatment protocols significantly for a reduction of mean PBS scores. For younger participants propolis mouthrinse was superior to all groups in reducing mean PBS scores and significant when compared to 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthrinse. conclusion The efficacy of 2% typified propolis mouthrinse was demonstrated in reducing the levels of gingival inflammation. These results need to be duplicated by other investigators under similar study protocols.

The Assessment of Oral Microflora Exposed to 3% Ethanolic Extract of Brazilian Green Propolis Preparation Used for Hygiene Maintenance following Minor Oral Surgeries

“…Al-Sultan et al concluded that an aqueous extract of propolis as a topical agent following lower third molar extraction had a slight reducing effect on the severity of postoperative complications [ 39 ]. It was observed that Brazilian propolis mouthrinse was effective in suppressing cariogenic infections as well as reducing gingival inflammation [ 40 , 41 ]. There is a granted patent in Brazil about products elaborated with Brazilian green propolis for use in dentistry [ 42 ].…”

Apitherapy for Osteoarthritis: Perspectives from Basic Research

“…The anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects of propolis were originally recognized after their topical application; however, it is now known that this effect also occurs systemically and even within the joint [60]. In an arthritic model in rats, the anti-arthritic action of propolis was documented: propolis reduces the production of interferon-γ and diminishes the activity of macrophages.…”

Standard methods forApis melliferapropolis research

“…Propolis extracts have been tested for many different types of biological and pharmacological activities (Burdock, 1998;Farooqui & Farooqui, 2010;Sforcin & Bankova, 2011), including in clinical trials (Henshaw et al, 2014;Hoheisel, 2001;Paulino, Coutinho, Coutinho, & Scremin, 2014;Soroy, Bagus, Yongkie, & Djoko, 2014;Vaz Coelho et al, 2007). Most significant is the number of clinical trials in dentistry (Anauate-Netto et al, 2014;Pereira et al, 2011;Prabhakar, Karuna, Yavagal, & Deepak, 2015;Purra, Mushtaq, Acharya, & Saraswati, 2014;Torwane et al, 2013). It is impossible to describe standard methods for these numerous and diverse tests here.…”