Random blisters on stickers: metrology through defects

Aoyanagi, Yuko; Hure, Jérémy; Bico, José; Roman, Benoît

doi:10.1039/c0sm00436g

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…Notably, many interesting out‐of‐plane deformation characteristics were observed and explained by comparing the elastic energy of the film with the interfacial adhesion . For example, in a buckle with small amplitudes, the balance between adhesion (which favors large areas of contact) and bending energy (which is minimized for the buckle of large widths) dictates a constant curvature of the buckle crest:

d / λ^{2} ~ \sqrt{Δ γ / B}

d

and

λ

are the width and height of the buckle,

d / λ^{2}

represents the crest curvature,

Δ γ

is the interfacial adhesion, and

B

is the bending rigidity of the film.…”

Section: Mechanical Characterizations Of the 2d Material–substrate Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain Engineering of 2D Materials: Issues and Opportunities at the Interface

2019

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applications of 2D materials emerging at large strain levels. [8][9][10] Considering difficulties associated with building a microelectromechanical system for straining freestanding 2D materials, [11] 2D materials were often transferred onto a substrate such that the strain can be introduced to the 2D material by controlling the deformation of the bulk substrate. [12] Such fact has led to significant advances in the strategies for straining 2D materials with a film-substrate system, as well as in interface metrologies for the van der Waals (vdW) interaction between the 2D material and its substrate.Here, we first summarize recent experimental achievements on realizing mechanical strain to substrate-supported 2D materials by categorizing the deformation modes of the 2D material-substrate system. These deformation modes include in-plane modes caused by epitaxy, thermal-expansion mismatch, and stretching/compressing the substrate, as well as out-of-plane modes caused by wrinkling and buckling of 2D materials, bulging and poking 2D materials, and transferring 2D materials on a patterned substrate. We then review recent experimental characterizations of the mechanical response of 2D material-substrate interfaces to in-plane shear deformations and out-of-plane delamination. This is not meant to be an all-encompassing analysis of the broad-field topic of strain engineering, but instead, we point out how mechanical deformations are achieved into 2D materials within the film/ substrate system and how the mechanics of interfaces govern these deformation mechanisms. The goal is to deterministically apply both strain magnitude and strain distribution into these atomically thin films and ultimately achieve strain-coupled fundamental physics and chemistry, and exciting applications in a controllable manner. Considering the interdisciplinary nature of research in this field, we also refer the readers to comprehensive reviews from relevant perspectives, including synthesis of emerging 2D materials, characterizations of the strain in 2D materials (especially via the Raman spectroscopy), and applications of mechanically strained 2D materials. [6,13,14] 2D Materials

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d / λ^{2} ~ \sqrt{Δ γ / B}

d

and

λ

are the width and height of the buckle,

d / λ^{2}

represents the crest curvature,

Δ γ

is the interfacial adhesion, and

B

is the bending rigidity of the film.…”

Section: Mechanical Characterizations Of the 2d Material–substrate Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain Engineering of 2D Materials: Issues and Opportunities at the Interface

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Here we consider the case of a sufficiently strong adhesion between layers to avoid delamination [75][76][77] and discuss in detail the uniaxial compression of a rigid membrane resting either on a liquid foundation 78,79 or on an elastic solid substrate. 80 Before starting this discussion, let us recall qualitatively the basic steps of the system deformation.…”

Section: -74mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wrinkle to fold transition: influence of the substrate response

et al. 2013

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Spatially confined rigid membranes reorganize their morphology in response to imposed constraints. Slight compression of a rigid membrane resting on a soft foundation creates a regular pattern of sinusoidal wrinkles with a broad spatial distribution of energy. For larger compression, the deformation energy is progressively localized in small regions which ultimately develop sharp folds. We review the influence of the substrate on this wrinkle to fold transition by considering two models based on purely viscous and purely elastic foundations. We analyze and contrast the physics and mathematics of both systems.

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“…1(a). Most wrinkles observed in CVD graphene form two-dimensional networks (Li et al, 2009;Robertson et al, 2011;Obraztsov et al, 2007;Zhu et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2012), indicative of biaxial compressive strain and suggestive of stress focusing (Cerda et al, 1999;Witten, 2007;Pereira et al, 2010;Aoyanagi et al, 2010). Beyond isolated wrinkles, massive crumpling and delamination have been reported in supported multilayer graphene under very large biaxial compression (Zang et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and strain-engineering wrinkle networks in supported graphene through simulations

Zhang

Arroyo

2014

Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids

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Wrinkle networks are ubiquitous buckle-induced delaminations in supported graphene, which locally modify the electronic structure and degrade device performance. Although the strong property-deformation coupling of graphene can be potentially harnessed by strain engineering, it has not been possible to precisely control the geometry of wrinkle networks. Through numerical simulations based on an atomistically informed continuum theory, we understand how strain anisotropy, adhesion and friction govern spontaneous wrinkling. We then propose a strategy to control the location of wrinkles through patterns of weaker adhesion. This strategy is deceptively simple, and can in fact fail in several ways, particularly under biaxial compression. However, within bounds set by the physics of wrinkling, it is possible to robustly create by strain a variety of wrinkle network geometries and junction configurations. Graphene is nearly unstrained in the planar regions bounded by wrinkles, highly curved along wrinkles, and highly stretched and curved at junctions, which can either locally attenuate or amplify the applied strain depending on their configuration. These mechanically self-assembled networks are stable under the pressure produced by an enclosed fluid and form continuous channels, opening the door to nano-fluidic applications.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

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Random blisters on stickers: metrology through defects

Cited by 16 publications

References 34 publications

Strain Engineering of 2D Materials: Issues and Opportunities at the Interface

Strain Engineering of 2D Materials: Issues and Opportunities at the Interface

Wrinkle to fold transition: influence of the substrate response

Understanding and strain-engineering wrinkle networks in supported graphene through simulations

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