The present study demonstrates the creation of a stable, superhydrophobic surface using the nanoscale roughness inherent in a vertically aligned carbon nanotube forest together with a thin, conformal hydrophobic poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) coating on the surface of the nanotubes. Superhydrophobicity is achieved down to the microscopic level where essentially spherical, micrometer-sized water droplets can be suspended on top of the nanotube forest.
If deposited on a hydrophobic rough substrate, a small drop of water can
look like a pearl, with a contact angle close to 180°. We examine
the conditions for observing such a phenomenon and show practical achievements
where the contact angle can be predicted and thus quantitatively tuned by
the design of the surface microstructure.
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