Rana chensinensis Ovum Oil Based on CO2 Supercritical Fluid Extraction: Response Surface Methodology Optimization and Unsaturated Fatty Acid Ingredient Analysis

Abstract

Rana chensinensis ovum oil (RCOO) is an emerging source of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), but it is lacking in green and efficient extraction methods. In this work, using the response surface strategy, we developed a green and efficient CO2 supercritical fluid extraction (CO2-SFE) technology for RCOO. The response surface methodology (RSM), based on the Box–Behnken Design (BBD), was used to investigate the influence of four independent factors (pressure, flow, temperature, and time) on the yield of RCOO in the CO2-SFE process, and UPLC-ESI-Q-TOP-MS and HPLC were used to identify and analyze the principal UFA components of RCOO. According to the BBD response surface model, the optimal CO2-SFE condition of RCOO was pressure 29 MPa, flow 82 L/h, temperature 50 °C, and time 132 min, and the corresponding predicted optimal yield was 13.61%. The actual optimal yield obtained from the model verification was 13.29 ± 0.37%, and the average error with the predicted value was 0.38 ± 0.27%. The six principal UFAs identified in RCOO included eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (ARA), linoleic acid (LA), and oleic acid (OA), which were important biologically active ingredients in RCOO. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the yield of these UFAs was closely related to the yield of RCOO (the correlation coefficients were greater than 0.9). Therefore, under optimal conditions, the yield of RCOO and principal UFAs always reached the optimal value at the same time. Based on the above results, this work realized the optimization of CO2-SFE green extraction process and the confirmation of principal bioactive ingredients of the extract, which laid a foundation for the green production of RCOO.

A critical look at challenges and future scopes of bioactive compounds and their incorporations in the food, energy, and pharmaceutical sector

“…Enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) has also been considered as an option to extract substances associated with the cell wall, rather than the cytoplasm, by employing enzyme-driven cell wall digestion (Azmir et al 2013 ). Supercritical fluid extraction is one of the most popularly used extraction strategies, usually employing supercritical CO 2 due to favorable thermodynamic properties and the renewable nature of the solvent (Gan et al 2020 ).…”

Exploitation of HPLC Analytical Method for Simultaneous Determination of Six Principal Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Oviductus Ranae Based on Quantitative Analysis of Multi-Components by Single-Marker (QAMS)

“…Oviductus Ranae is rich in nutrients, including a variety of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), protein, vitamins and steroids [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Among them, UFAs, as important bioactive substances, have excellent biological activities in regulating immunity and preventing a series of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension and thrombosis [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. The content of UFA is considered to be closely related to the quality of Oviductus Ranae [ 15 ].…”

Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Oviductus Ranae Protein Hydrolyzed by Different Proteases

“…Oviductus Ranae is the dried oviduct of female Rana temporaria chensinensis David, which is mainly produced in Changbai Mountain area, Jilin Province, China [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. As a nutritional and health supplement for both medicine and food, Oviductus Ranae is rich in protein, sterol, unsaturated fatty acid and other nutrients [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Protein is the chief composition of Oviductus Ranae , which usually accounts for more than 40%, and contains eight essential amino acids [ 18 , 26 ].…”