“…In this spectrum, peaks at 272, 324, 715 and 805 cm -1 correspond to monoclinic γ phase, the stable form of WO 3 at RT [9][10][11]. The band at 942 cm -1 can be assigned to the stretching mode of W=O terminal bonds indicating surface tungsten hydrates [10,11]. Peaks at 203, 272, 303, 370, 425, 642, 688 and 805 cm -1 belong to the ε phase of WO 3 .…”