Raman spectra, photoluminescence, and low-frequency dielectric properties of Ba0.97La0.02Ti1−xNb4x/5O3 (x = 0.00, 0.05) ceramics at room temperature

Structural and morphological studies, and temperature/frequency dependence of electrical conductivity of Ba0.97La0.02Ti1−xNb4x/5O3 perovskite ceramics

“…It is noted that all of the prepared compounds have maintained the pure tetragonal structure with space group P4/mmm, consistent with earlier reports. 24,26,29 Additionally, no traces of impurity phase can be seen in our samples. All of the reection peaks are indexed in diverse crystal systems and unit cell congurations.…”

“…A similar category of microstructure is found in some materials of this family. 24,26 We can note that the average particle size decreases with the addition of La 3+ as well as the increase of Nb levels. This means that doping with Nb 5+ at the B-site has a signicant effect on the microstructure of the compounds.…”

Structure and Dielectric Studies of Lanthanum Oxide Activated Niobium-Barium Titanate for Energy Storage Applications

“…5(a). This behavior demonstrates the presence of all different polarization systems (dipole, electronic, interface, ionic and atomic) in these structures [18]. Depending on the frequency, the change of r is "according to the principle of interfacial polarization of the Maxwell-Wagner (M-W) type (space charge) can be discussed, in which, under the influence of an external electric field, the polarization of space charge occurs.…”