Raman Sensitive Degradation and Etching Dynamics of Exfoliated Black Phosphorus

Alsaffar, Fadhel; Alodan, Sarah; Alrasheed, Abdul; Alhussain, Abdulrahman; Alrubaiq, Noura; Abbas, Ahmad Nabil; Amer, Moh. R.

doi:10.1038/srep44540

Cited by 52 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(44 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Oxidation effects have been thoroughly analyzed using Raman spectroscopy showing a systematic and continuous degradation of BP's Raman (A 1 g = 335 cm −1 , B 2g = 434 cm −1 , and A 2 g = 460 cm −1 ) signature as crystalline layers become oxidized ( Figure ). Since the oxidized layers do not contribute to the Raman signal, a significant decrease in peak intensities is observed with minimal shift in peak positions or full width at half maximum . Favron et al showed that the intensity ratio of the A 1 g /A 2 g modes could be an effective tool for detecting degradation .…”

Section: Stability and Passivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on Stability and Passivation of Black Phosphorus

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

From a fundamental science perspective, black phosphorus (BP) is a canonical example of a material that possesses fascinating surface and electronic properties. It has extraordinary in-plane anisotropic electrical, optical, and vibrational states, as well as a tunable band gap. However, instability of the surface due to chemical degradation in ambient conditions remains a major impediment to its prospective applications. Early studies were limited by the degradation of black phosphorous surfaces in air. Recently, several robust strategies have been developed to mitigate these issues, and these novel developments can potentially allow researchers to exploit the extraordinary properties of this material and devices made out of it. Here, the fundamental chemistry of BP degradation and the tremendous progress made to address this issue are extensively reviewed. Device performances of encapsulated BP are also compared with nonencapsulated BP. In addition, BP possesses sensitive anisotropic photophysical surface properties such as excitons, surface plasmons/phonons, and topologically protected and Dirac semi-metallic surface states. Ambient degradation as well as any passivation method used to protect the surface could affect the intrinsic surface properties of BP. These properties and the extent of their modifications by both the degradation and passivation are reviewed.

show abstract

Section: Stability and Passivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on Stability and Passivation of Black Phosphorus

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover peak broadening is also observed which can be attributed to the size effects. On the other hand, upon nitrogen doping, A 1 g , B 2g , and A 2 g vibrational modes exhibit a red-shift of 9 cm −1 , 18 cm −1 and 8.3 cm −1 respectively featuring a phonon softening [14]. It is also important to recall that Raman spectroscopic analysis not only involves one phonon process known as first-order Raman scattering but also higher-order processes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical transformation of black phosphorous to phosphorene quantum dots: effect of nitrogen doping

Valappil

Alwarappan

et al. 2020

Mater. Res. Express

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We present a comparative analysis of the structural and optical properties of electrosynthesized PQDs, a new class of size-tunable luminescent materials and their nitrogen doped counter parts(NPQDs). Nitrogen doping onto phopshorene lattice could be realized in situ at room temperature using either nitrogen containing electrolyte and/or supporting electrolyte in the solution. An increased quantum efficiency as well as redox behavior has been observed for PQDs upon nitrogen doping and a critical analysis of the effect of nitrogen on the structural, optical and electrochemical properties of PQDs suggests several potential benefits of applications ranging from electrocatalysts and molecular electronics to different types of sensors and bioimaging.

show abstract

“…Since the stability of BP remains an issue before BP can be used for optoelectronic devices because of oxidation, confocal fast‐scanning Raman imaging was performed to map the layered black phosphorus during degradation. The effect of thickness owing to surface and edge degradation of black phosphorus was involved in the Raman intensity modulation, indicating the usefulness of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) passivation …”

Section: Microscale Spectral Mapping and Optical‐property Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscale Spectroscopic Mapping of 2D Optical Materials

Dong

Yetisen

Köhler

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

be used for flexible touch screens and displays, printable electronics, and thinfilm photovoltaics, [4] while FETs made of graphene can be used for highly sensitive biosensors. [5] Another 2D material MoS 2 , a direct-bandgap semiconductor, has applications in ultrasensitive photodetectors, transistors, and gas-sensing devices. [6][7][8][9] Other 2D materials have also shown potential in photovoltaic devices, memory, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). [10,11] Broad application potential of 2D materials in optoelectronic devices, photonic devices, and optical sensors is mainly based on their unique optical performances. [12] 2D materials can be fabricated based on their layered structure. In the molecular structures of these materials, the atoms are bonded hard in the same plane, but the bond effect between two lateral layers is weak due to van der Waals forces. [13] 2D materials can be roughly categorized as semimetal like graphene, semiconductor like transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and insulator like hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) from the aspect of bandgap differences. [14] Due to the experimentally practical manipulation of monolayer and multilayer 2D materials, remarkable optical performances can be realized for a wide range of optical applications. For example, the number of layers of 2D materials can strongly influence the photoluminescence performance. [15] The unconventional optical performances including adsorption and emission, light sensitivity, as well as plasmonic effects of 2D materials are closely related to their inner physical properties such as carrier mobility, density of states, and band structure based on the interaction of atoms, structural symmetry, and stacking patterns. [16,17] Through the control of layer number which could influence the bandgap value, 2D materials could react to different spectrum ranging from ultraviolet to infrared light. [18] Doping strategies are also effective to modify intrinsic 2D semiconductors and improve the response with respect to an extended range of spectrum. [19,20] The assessment of the optical properties of 2D materials is indispensable for device and sensor development. [21] Based on detailed surface mapping and spectral information, the suitability of 2D materials for optical devices or sensor applications can be thoroughly studied. [22,23] Microscopy, direct 2D mapping of materials, can provide basic spatial information, [24] while spectroscopy can offer one more dimensional spectral information which is 2D materials have unique optical properties due to their ultrathin layered structures, and are emerging as promising materials for optoelectronic devices. To characterize and evaluate these properties, diffraction-limited spectroscopic mapping, also known as microscale spectroscopic imaging, has been developed to provide abundant spatial and spectral information. The usefulness of microscale spectroscopic mapping for unique property study of 2D optical materials is addressed. Advances in both mature and growing microscale spectroscopic mapping...

show abstract

Raman Sensitive Degradation and Etching Dynamics of Exfoliated Black Phosphorus

Cited by 52 publications

References 39 publications

Recent Progress on Stability and Passivation of Black Phosphorus

Recent Progress on Stability and Passivation of Black Phosphorus

Electrochemical transformation of black phosphorous to phosphorene quantum dots: effect of nitrogen doping

Microscale Spectroscopic Mapping of 2D Optical Materials

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About