Microscale Spectroscopic Mapping of 2D Optical Materials

Abstract

be used for flexible touch screens and displays, printable electronics, and thinfilm photovoltaics, [4] while FETs made of graphene can be used for highly sensitive biosensors. [5] Another 2D material MoS 2 , a direct-bandgap semiconductor, has applications in ultrasensitive photodetectors, transistors, and gas-sensing devices. [6][7][8][9] Other 2D materials have also shown potential in photovoltaic devices, memory, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). [10,11] Broad application potential of 2D materials in optoelectronic devices, photonic devices, and optical sensors is mainly based on their unique optical performances. [12] 2D materials can be fabricated based on their layered structure. In the molecular structures of these materials, the atoms are bonded hard in the same plane, but the bond effect between two lateral layers is weak due to van der Waals forces. [13] 2D materials can be roughly categorized as semimetal like graphene, semiconductor like transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and insulator like hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) from the aspect of bandgap differences. [14] Due to the experimentally practical manipulation of monolayer and multilayer 2D materials, remarkable optical performances can be realized for a wide range of optical applications. For example, the number of layers of 2D materials can strongly influence the photoluminescence performance. [15] The unconventional optical performances including adsorption and emission, light sensitivity, as well as plasmonic effects of 2D materials are closely related to their inner physical properties such as carrier mobility, density of states, and band structure based on the interaction of atoms, structural symmetry, and stacking patterns. [16,17] Through the control of layer number which could influence the bandgap value, 2D materials could react to different spectrum ranging from ultraviolet to infrared light. [18] Doping strategies are also effective to modify intrinsic 2D semiconductors and improve the response with respect to an extended range of spectrum. [19,20] The assessment of the optical properties of 2D materials is indispensable for device and sensor development. [21] Based on detailed surface mapping and spectral information, the suitability of 2D materials for optical devices or sensor applications can be thoroughly studied. [22,23] Microscopy, direct 2D mapping of materials, can provide basic spatial information, [24] while spectroscopy can offer one more dimensional spectral information which is 2D materials have unique optical properties due to their ultrathin layered structures, and are emerging as promising materials for optoelectronic devices. To characterize and evaluate these properties, diffraction-limited spectroscopic mapping, also known as microscale spectroscopic imaging, has been developed to provide abundant spatial and spectral information. The usefulness of microscale spectroscopic mapping for unique property study of 2D optical materials is addressed. Advances in both mature and growing microscale spectroscopic mapping...

Terahertz characterization of two-dimensional low-conductive layers enabled by metal gratings

“…With the advent of 2D materials, such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), as well as recent progress on two-dimensional sheet charges in semiconductor heterostructures, terahertz spectroscopy of two-dimensional layers has become a topic of particular interest, e.g., Refs. 3,[6][7][8][9][10] . In this regard, it is worth noting that at terahertz frequencies, following a Debye model, the charge carrier conductivity is effectively determined over characteristic length scales on the order of nanometers 11,12 .…”

Lateral Monolayer MoSe2–WSe2 p–n Heterojunctions with Giant Built‐In Potentials

“…Specifically, 2D heterojunctions with high built-in potential show clear current rectification effect, and have been widely studied as optoelectronic devices, i.e., photovoltaic-mode photodetectors, photocatalytic devices, and light-emitting diode. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] A few works have demonstrated fabrications of vertical p-n junctions based on 2D materials by manual stac king. [17,19,22,[24][25][26][28][29][30] However, this method suffers from uncontrollable stacking orientation as well as inevitable polymer residues from the stacking process, which dramatically weaken the junction performances.…”

“…Specifically, 2D heterojunctions with high built‐in potential show clear current rectification effect, and have been widely studied as optoelectronic devices, i.e., photovoltaic‐mode photodetectors, photocatalytic devices, and light‐emitting diode. [ 17–31 ]…”

Long Radiation Lifetime and Quasi-Isotropic Excitons in Antioxidant V–V Binary Phosphorene Allotropes with Intrinsic Dipole

“…Two-dimensional (2D) materials with atomic thickness are expected as promising structures of future optoelectronic devices to meet the demands in various applications, such as optical sensing, − photovoltaic, , and optical information processing . For spatial confinement and reduced coulomb screening, many-body effect profoundly influences the optical properties of low-dimensional systems.…”