Raman scattering study on fullerene derived intermediates formed within single-wall carbon nanotube: from peapod to double-wall carbon nanotube

Bandow, Shunji; Hiraoka, Takehiro; Yumura, Takashi; Hirahara, Kaori; Shinohara, Hisanori; Iijima, Sumio

doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2003.12.032

Cited by 118 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Possible techniques for fabricating DWNTs include chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [1,2] or the filling of SWNTs with fullerenes that coalesce and form inner tubes upon heat treatment [3,4]. Both types of DWNTs are studied in the present work and are inter-compared.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both types of DWNTs are studied in the present work and are inter-compared. In the case of C 60 -derived DWNTs (denoted by C 60 -DWNTs), the coalescence of fullerenes at high temperature (>1200 • C) forms inner tubes with diameters (d t ) close to that of C 60 [4]. According to Bandow et al, under prolonged heat treatments the initial diameters of the inner tubes can increase in order to adjust the wall to wall (WtW) distances and minimize the energy of the system [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wall-to-wall stress induced in (6,5) semiconducting nanotubes by encapsulation in metallic outer tubes of different diameters: A resonance Raman study of individual C60-derived double-wall carbon nanotubes

et al. 2010

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We measure resonant Raman scattering from 11 individual C 60 -derived double wall carbon nanotubes with inner semiconducting (6,5) tubes and outer metallic tubes. The Raman spectra show the radial breathing mode (RBM) of the inner and the outer tubes simultaneously in resonance with the same laser energy. We observe that an increase in the RBM frequency of the inner tubes is related to an increase in the RBM frequency of the outer tubes. The Raman spectra also contain a sharp G − feature that increases in frequency as the nominal diameter of the outer metallic tubes decreases. Finally, the one phonon second-order D band mode shows a two way frequency splitting that decreases with decreasing nominal wall to wall distances. We suggest that the stress which increases with decreasing nominal WtW distances is responsible for the observed hardening of the frequencies of the RBM, D an G − modes of the inner (6,5) semiconducting tubes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wall-to-wall stress induced in (6,5) semiconducting nanotubes by encapsulation in metallic outer tubes of different diameters: A resonance Raman study of individual C60-derived double-wall carbon nanotubes

et al. 2010

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“…However, as pointed out in early works, 4,12,14 there is a wide gap between experimental observations and theoretical predictions in coalescence of fullerenes and nanotubes in terms of the energy barriers for these structural rearrangements. Under thermal treatment only, the fullerenes begin to merge with one another around 800°C and complete coalescences below 1200°C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The merging and junction formation mechanism of carbon nanostructures, which can broaden our understanding of the fabrication and manipulation of complex nanoscale devices and their components, have been widely investigated experimentally [3][4][5][6][7][8] and theoretically. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] In experiments, the merging of fullerenes in a nanopeapod has been observed in electron beam irradiation 3 and studied under heat treatments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9][10][11][12][13][14][15] In experiments, the merging of fullerenes in a nanopeapod has been observed in electron beam irradiation 3 and studied under heat treatments. 4 Two nanotubes can also form a larger one by electron beam irradiation 5 or under thermal treatments without high energy particles, such as an electron beam. 6,9 With the aid of computational resources, the process of fullerene fusion has been simulated by many researchers, including Zhao et al, 10 Kim et al, 11 and Han et al 12 For the coalescence of two nanotubes, López et al 9 suggested a "patching and tearing" mechanism, wherein many initial defects like vacancies are presumed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coalescence and T-junction formation of carbon nanotubes: Action-derived molecular dynamics simulations

et al. 2006

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The mechanisms of coalescence and T-junction formation of carbon nanotubes are analyzed using actionderived molecular dynamics. The control of kinetic energy in addition to the total energy leads to the determination of the minimum-energy atomistic pathway for each of these processes. Particularly, we find that the unit merging process of two carbon nanotubes consists of four sequential generalized Stone-Wales transformations occurring in four hexagon-heptagon pairs around the jointed part. In addition, we show that a single carbon atom may play the role of an autocatalyst, which significantly reduces the global activation energy barrier of the merging process. For T junction formation, two different models are chosen for simulation. One contains defects near the point of junction formation, while the other consists of two perfect nanotubes plus two additional carbon atoms. Our results indicate that the coalescence and junction formation of nanotubes may occur more easily than theoretically predicted in the presence of additional carbon atoms at moderate temperatures.

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Carbon Nanotubes, Single‐Walled: Functionalization by Intercalation

Shiozawa

Pichler

Pfeiffer

et al. 2005

Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry

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The article reviews recent progresses in functionalization of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT). Detailed studies of electronic, chemical, and structural properties of intercalated and filled carbon nanotubes using state‐of‐the‐art spectroscopic and microscopic techniques are described. Intercalation with alkali metal allows one to fine tuned the electron‐doping level of SWCNT. A photoemission study of potassium intercalation compounds of SWCNT bundles unveils a transition of the metallic ground state of a SWCNT bundle from Tomonaga–Luttinger liquid state to Fermi liquid state. In turn, the filling of single‐walled carbon nanotubes with fullerenes and organic molecules facilitates a reality of nanochemistry using carbon nanotubes as a nanoreactor. A combined spectroscopic and microscopic investigation of the interconversion of encapsulated fullerenes and organic molecules unveils either a catalytic or a noncatalytic process for the inner‐tube growth from different filler precursors. Such encapsulated reactions vary the chemical status of filling material which eventually leads to a modulation of the doping level of the carbon nanotube host.

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Raman scattering study on fullerene derived intermediates formed within single-wall carbon nanotube: from peapod to double-wall carbon nanotube

Cited by 118 publications

References 15 publications

Wall-to-wall stress induced in (6,5) semiconducting nanotubes by encapsulation in metallic outer tubes of different diameters: A resonance Raman study of individual C60-derived double-wall carbon nanotubes

Wall-to-wall stress induced in (6,5) semiconducting nanotubes by encapsulation in metallic outer tubes of different diameters: A resonance Raman study of individual C60-derived double-wall carbon nanotubes

Coalescence and T-junction formation of carbon nanotubes: Action-derived molecular dynamics simulations

Carbon Nanotubes, Single‐Walled: Functionalization by Intercalation

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