Raman characterization of carbon nanofibers prepared using electrospinning

Wang, Yu; Serrano, Santiago; Santiago-Avilés, Jorge J.

doi:10.1016/s0379-6779(02)00472-1

Cited by 281 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Figure 6 shows the Raman spectra of CNF, CNF-COOH, and CNF with iron oxide nanoparticles. The spectra of the first two materials display only two broad peaks with maximums at ∼1315 and 1595 cm −1 corresponding to the two main bands of CNF: the disorder induced D band and the graphite mode G band [45,48]. In contrast, the specimen with iron oxide nanoparticles shows five additional peaks, at ∼220, 290, 400, 485, and 598 cm −1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Synthesis of Carbon Nanofibers with Maghemite via a Modified Sol-Gel Technique

Silva

Salas

Nedev

et al. 2017

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Carbon nanohybrid material (CNF/ -Fe 2 O 3 ) was obtained via a modified sol-gel technique consisting of two steps: functionalization of carbon nanofibers (CNF) in H 2 SO 4 /HNO 3 followed by synthesis using Fe(NO 3 ) 3 •9H 2 O. As a result, the iron content of the CNF/ -Fe 2 O 3 was increased by more than twice from about 40% to about 87% mass percent, compared to the pristine CNF and oxidized CNF specimens, as proved by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Scanning electron microscopy images exhibited "cumulus" on the CNF/ -Fe 2 O 3 specimen surface, which showed the highest iron mass percentage, proved by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy images confirmed attachment of -Fe 2 O 3 cumulus to the inner and outer surfaces of the CNF walls after synthesis. The characteristic peaks of Fe 2p 3/2 and Fe 2p 1/2 appeared in the XPS spectra obtained on CNF/ -Fe 2 O 3 . In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated formation of -Fe 2 O 3 during the synthesis process. The Raman spectrum of the CNF/ -Fe 2 O 3 sample displays peaks with positions close to characteristic peaks of highly crystalline and monodisperse maghemite nanocrystallites. The synthesis of CNF/ -Fe 2 O 3 leads to an increase in the hydrophilicity of CNF and magnetic properties at room temperature.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Synthesis of Carbon Nanofibers with Maghemite via a Modified Sol-Gel Technique

Silva

Salas

Nedev

et al. 2017

Journal of Nanomaterials

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“…Instead, they were comparable to the trends for the L c values from the XRD. Wang et al [12] found that the I D /I G values became smaller with increasing carbonization temperatures in the range of 600-1200 o C for PAN based carbon nanofibers showing the validity of the zation process and the shear stress from the melt-blowing process might interfere with the crystallization of the CPF. Thus, a higher carbonization temperature was necessary to form the structural ordering of the CPF compared to the CPP.…”

Section: X-ray Diffractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 [17]. The in-plane crystallite size (L a ) and the stacking height of the crystallite (L c ) were determined from the (10ℓ) peak at ~43° and (002) peak at ~26°, respectively, using the following Scherrer equations [18][19][20]: tion process, the crystallinity changes significantly [10][11][12][13] and the changes in the crystallinity affect the properties of the CFs. According to previous reports, the crystallinity of PANbased and aramid-based CFs increased as the carbonization temperature increased [10,11].…”

Section: Characterization Of the Carbonized Pitch Fiber And Carbonizementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of carbonization temperature on crystalline structure and properties of isotropic pitch-based carbon fiber

Kim¹,

Roh²,

Kim³

2017

Carbon letters

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Isotropic pitch-based fibers produced from coal tar pitch with the melt-blowing method were carbonized at temperatures ranging from 800 to 1600 o C to investigate their crystalline structure and physical properties as a function of the carbonization temperature. The in-plane crystallite size (L a ) of the carbonized pitch fiber from X-ray diffraction increased monotonously by increasing the carbonization temperature resulting in a gradual increase in the electrical conductivity from 169 to 3800 S/cm. However, the variation in the d 002 spacing and stacking height of the crystallite (L c ) showed that the structural order perpendicular to the graphene planes got worse in carbonization temperatures from 800 to 1200 o C probably due to randomization through the process of gas evolution; however, structural ordering eventually occurred at around 1400 o C. For the carbonized pitch powder without stabilization, structural ordering perpendicular to the graphene planes occurred at around 800-900 o C indicating that oxygen was inserted during the stabilization process. Additionally, the shear stress that occurred during the melt-blowing process might interfere with the crystallization of the CPF.

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“…The equation was used to determine La values using Raman peak data. To the first-order approximation, I D and I G are supposed to have the same proportional coefficient with X D and X G [34]. Then the X G can be estimated to be I G /(I D + I G ).…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of carbonization atmosphere on the structure changes of PAN carbon membranes

et al. 2008

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PAN carbon membranes were prepared by carbonizing the initial PAN membranes in vacuum and Ar at different temperatures. FTIR, Raman and XRD were applied to study the influence of carbonization atmosphere on the structure changes of PAN carbon membranes. The variations in adsorption peaks of FTIR, the intensity, position and FWHM of the Raman peaks, and microcrystallite parameters from XRD (e.g., d 002 , Lc and La) are correlated with the structure change of PAN carbon membranes. Analyses results reveal that vacuum atmosphere can produce PAN carbon membranes with higher order degree than those in Ar atmosphere, although the structures of PAN carbon membranes prepared in the two atmospheres are both amorphous. In addition, vacuum atmosphere can significantly accelerate the degradation reaction of PAN membranes and favors the preparation of carbon membranes with smaller pore size.

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Raman characterization of carbon nanofibers prepared using electrospinning

Cited by 281 publications

References 6 publications

Synthesis of Carbon Nanofibers with Maghemite via a Modified Sol-Gel Technique

Synthesis of Carbon Nanofibers with Maghemite via a Modified Sol-Gel Technique

Effect of carbonization temperature on crystalline structure and properties of isotropic pitch-based carbon fiber

Effect of carbonization atmosphere on the structure changes of PAN carbon membranes

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