“…The obtained spectra showed three Raman peaks located at : 655 cm -1 , 374 cm -1 and 315 cm -1 . These peaks match well with Mn 3 O 4 material [31]. Indeed, the sharp peak at 655 cm -1 , characteristic of the tetragonal [32][33].…”
Section: Structural and Morphological Characteristicsupporting
“…The obtained spectra showed three Raman peaks located at : 655 cm -1 , 374 cm -1 and 315 cm -1 . These peaks match well with Mn 3 O 4 material [31]. Indeed, the sharp peak at 655 cm -1 , characteristic of the tetragonal [32][33].…”
Section: Structural and Morphological Characteristicsupporting
“…The main peak at 655 cm -1 is owed to Mn-O vibration mode (A1g) [24]. Raman peak positions and bandwidths are similar to those of pure Mn3O4 [34]. We conclude that Mn3O4 crystalline structure is not affect by Lithium.…”
Thin films of physical--mixture of Hausmannite Mn3O4 and lithium (Li) are synthesized by spray pyrolysis technique. Structural, morphological, optical, electrical, wettability and photocatalytic properties have been investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectra, Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and electrical measurements show that Li nanoparticles are formed both on top surface of the film and inside grain boundaries.Bandgap and Urbach energies and optical relaxation time have been determined from transmittance T and reflectance R spectra. Impedance spectroscopy shows that charge separation increases with Li content, which improves photocatalytic efficiency of the film.The best photocatalytic efficiency is obtained for Li/Mn ratio of 15%. Indeed, the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under ultraviolet (UV) and visible light exposure, is improved by a factor of 5.7 and 2.4 respectively, when compared to undoped Mn3O4. In addition, this film exhibits a high photostability (10 cycles consecutively) under solar light. On the other hand, hydrophobicity reveals the hydrophilic character of the films.
“…Peaks at 473, 332, and 268 cm −1 indicate the presence of Mn 3 O 4 particles. 81,82 Then material consists of MnO x mixture, it is difficult to determine peaks related to one or another oxide. In this case, the Raman analysis of materials was done in accordance with the XPS results.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Peaks at 641, 583, 332 cm −1 were attributed to MnO. Peaks at 473, 332, and 268 cm −1 indicate the presence of Mn 3 O 4 particles 81,82 . Then material consists of MnO x mixture, it is difficult to determine peaks related to one or another oxide.…”
The Mn-CO composites were synthesized by the electric-arc discharge method. The composite materials were obtained by spraying of graphite electrode with the addition of MnO 2. The morphology of Mn-CO composites formed during electric-arc spraying of metal-carbon electrodes in various buffer gases (N 2 and He) and the effect of their subsequent annealing in an oxygen-containing atmosphere was studied. It was experimentally determined that MnO x (MnO, Mn 3 O 4) nanoparticles are mainly formed in N 2 atmosphere, and Mn 7 C 3 carbide nanoparticles are formed in He atmosphere. This phenomenon is explained by different cooling rates of the formed composites. With further annealing of materials, partial oxidation of nanoparticles and graphitization of the carbon matrix occur due to the thermal effect of the oxidation reaction. According to the study of electrochemical activity of materials in the 1 M KOH aqueous electrolyte, the materials with a higher MnO content and a higher degree of soot graphitization have the highest electrochemical capacity of 135 Fg −1 .
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