“…Some research supports the contention that a higher degree of teacher support is related to higher student achievement outcomes. For instance, for enhanced literacy achievement in a variety of school settings, continuing professional development that involved teachers in their own learning with strong leadership and external support was key (Carlisle et al, 2011;Carreker et al, 2005;Fletcher, Greenwood, Grimley, & Parkhill, 2011;Gersten et al, 2010;Guskey, 2003;Scanlon, Gelzheiser, Vellutino, Schatschneider, & Sweeney, 2008;Taylor & Pearson, 2004;Taylor, Pearson, Peterson, & Rodriguez, 2005;Wasik & Hindman, 2011). Results of a major prior meta-analysis of 29 widely implemented comprehensive school reform models also suggested that the schoolwide educational reforms judged to be the most effective included strong teacher professional development components with effective follow-up to address teachers' specific challenges in implementing change (Borman et al, 2003;Muncy & McQuillan, 1996;Nunnery, 1998).…”